20th Century Advancements

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20th Century Advancements

20xx

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Theories

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist that founded psychoanalysis in the 1890s. He is considered one of the most influential thinkers of his age. The idea behind psychoanalysis is that it is a system of psychological theory and therapy which aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association. Albert Einstein was a German born physicist who developed the theory of relativity in 1905. Einstein determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and that the speed of light in a vacuum was independent of the motion of all observers. This was the theory of special relativity. It introduced a new framework for all of physics and proposed new concepts of space and time.

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The Model T was first introduced to the world in 1908. It was the first automobile that was affordable, simple to operate, and durable. This vehicle was one of the first mass production vehicles, allowing Ford to achieve producing a universal car. It was manufactured using an assembly line. Hans von Ohain was the designer of the first operational jet engine. He first formulated the theory of jet propulsion while pursuing his doctorate degree. By 1937 he had built a factory-tested demonstration engine and by 1939, a fully operational jet aircraft, the He 137. Igor Sikorsky is considered the "father" of helicopters because he invented the first successful helicopter upon which further designs were based. By 1940, Sikorsky's successful VS-300 had become the model for all modern single-rotor helicopters. He also designed and built the first military helicopter which was finished in 1941.

Transportation

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Italian inventor and engineer Guglielmo Marconi developed, demonstrated and marketed the first successful long-distance wireless telegraph and in 1901 broadcast the first transatlantic radio signal. His company's Marconi radios ended the isolation of ocean travel and saved hundreds of lives, including all of the survivors from the sinking Titanic. The first successful demonstration of the electronic television was in 1927. The system was designed by 21 year old inventor, Philo Taylor Farnsworth. He began to design this system while still in high school. His invention scanned images with a beam of electrons, unlike previous prototypes from around the world. The first image that he transmitted was a simple line. Clarence Birdseye is credited with inventing the quick freezing method that we know today in 1924. Birdseye theorized that food must be frozen very quickly in order for it to retain its taste and texture. Before quick freezing, food would freeze at a slow rate allowing crystals to form. When the food thawed, the taste and texture was no longer there because the ice crystals would melt.

Household

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In 1929, the first antibiotic was accidentally discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming. He left a sample of bacteria uncovered and discovered that a particular type of mold was able to kill the bacteria. They were able to then create what we know today as penicillin. In 1921, Frederick Banting and his assistant, Charles Best, discovered that insulin injections could save lives. The first person to receive an insulin injection was a 14 year old boy with diabetes. Banting and Best won the Nobel Peace Prize.

Medicine

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1902 - air conditioning 1904 - radar 1916 - sonar 1923 - hearing aids 1926 - pop up toasters 1932 - folding wheelchair 1936 - sun tan lotion 1942 - nuclear reactor

Other Advancements