Copia - Línea cronológica fotos

John Napier and Logarithmritmos (1614)

The anti-cytere Mechanism 100 B.C.

The Abacus (2000 B.C.)suanpan (en chino算盤)

2000 B.C - 1679C.

History of Computing

Astrolabe 150 B.C. - 100 d. C.

Cultures that adopted the abacus

17TH Century

600 - Algebra

Fibonacci - 1202

+info

1679

Binary numeric system

+info

1672

Machine of leibinz

+info

1642

Machine of pAScal

Calculus Rule

1622

Rule of calculus

History of computing

2000 a.C - 1679 d.C.

1843

1843

lady Ada'S IDEA

1822

1822

THE CREATION OF Charles babbage

1801

1801

tHE FRENCH Joseph Marie Jacquard,Í

1777

1777

19702010

17th Century

History of computing

THE WORK OF CHARLES BABBAGE.

1801

1769

1769

THE ANALYTIC MACHINE

1893

1893

The First successful machine in the morning

1884

1884

DORR FELT COMPTOMETER

1879

Herman hollerith And its development of system

1878

1878

1854 y 1869

The Development of the Boole's Machine

19702010

18th and 19th centruy

History of computing

THE INVENTION OF RAMON VEREA

1879

(1854 1869)

1980-1990

1980

FIFTH GEN

1970-1980

1970

FOURTH GEN

1960-1970

THIRD GEN

1950-1960

1950

SECOND gen

1943-1944

1940

FIRST GEN

19401990

20TH CENTURY

History of computing

1960

2007-2008

2007

The apple iphone

2004-2007

2004

sealing system operational UBUNTU BASed on LINUX

2003-2004

2003

first processor for 64 bit computer

2001-2002

2001

operating system mAC OS X

2000-2001

2000

Itantum processor of intel

20002024

21st century

History of computing

2004

2024

THE LANGUAGE MODEL NATURAL GPT-4

2019-2024

2019

WINDOWS 10

2012-2019

2012

WINDOWS 8

2010-2012

2010

WINDOWS 7 OF MICROSOFT

2008-2010

2008

THE FIRST ONE LAUNCHED PROSESADOR DE4 NUCLEOS, INTEL CORE I7

20002024

21ST CENTURY

HISTORY OF COMPUTING

1822

1822. Charles Babbage designed his "Analytical Artifact", a general purpose apparatus that was capable of performing any type of mathematical calculation. The analytical artifact designs were the first clear conceptualization of a machine that could execute the type of computational calculations that are now considered the heart of computing.

Chales Babbage's Analytical Artifact

Hyman, A. (2000). Charles Babbage: Pionneer of the Computer

The iPhone was launched in June 2007 and revolutionized the smartphone industry. It was the first mobile phone with a touch screen and an intuitive user interface. The iPhone also introduced the App Store, which allowed users to download third-party applications. - "iPhone: The Missing Manual" by David Pogue (2007) - "Apple iPhone: A Revolutionary Mobile Phone" by Apple Inc. (2007)

2007

APPLE'S IPHONE IS LAUNCHED

Mesopotamia (~2000 A.C.) Description: It is believed tyhat the oldest abacus was used in the Mesopotamia to make simple calculations related to accounting, especially for the management of agricultural assets and resourcesEgypt (~1300 A.C.) Description: Althought there are no clear records of an Egyptian abacus simar to mesopotamian, it is known that the edipts used counting toolssuch as tables with marks to keep records Greece (~500 a.C.) Description: The Greeks developed a more avengeous form of the abacus known as the " Salamin abacus" a marble board with grooves where pleuras or pure tiles were placed to perform calculationsRome (~500 a.C. - 500 d.C.) Description: The Romanians inheritedthe abacus of the Greek and adapted it to their own numerical system (Roman numerals). They used a portutil versionof the abacus with small stones or metal beads on barsChina (~1200 d.C.) Description: The chinese abacus, known as Saunpan, made a significant advance in the use of abacus. The abacus has two level of accounts: the higher level has two accounts at each bar (representing multiples of five) and the lower level has five accounts ( which represent units), the suanpan allowed more complex calculations, such as multiplications and divisions.Japan (~1600 d.C.)West Asia and India

Cultures that adopted the abacus

1943

Early Electromechanical and Electronic Computers: Colossus (1943-1944): Used by the British to break codes in World War II. It was one of the first programmable digital electronic computers.ENIAC (1945): Considered the first general-purpose electronic computer. It used vacuum tubes and was developed in the USA for ballistic calculations. UNIVAC I (1951): The first commercial computer available on the market. It used vacuum tubes and was designed for business and scientific applications.

Colossus, eniac, univac i

First Generation

Martínez, F. J. (2001). Historia de la computación: De los inicios a la primera generación. Editorial Alfaomega.García, R. (2005). Las primeras computadoras: La historia de la informática desde sus comienzos. Editorial McGraw-Hill.

1843

1843. Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace suggested the idea of ​​punched cards being adapted in ways that would cause Babbage's engine to repeat certain operations. And so he added explanatory notes that expanded its length to almost double the original. .

Lady Ada created the first computer algorithm

Lovelace, A. (2018). Notas de la traductora. En C. Babbage, Bosquejo de la máquina analítica

1679

The binary number system is a base 2 system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent all numbers. It is fundamental in computing because digital electronic circuits, such as those found in computers, operate efficiently with two states: on (1) and off (0). This binary representation simplifies circuit design and data manipulation at the hardware level, facilitating the operation of modern computing systems. (Patterson, D., & Hennessy, J. L. Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface. 5ª ed. Morgan Kaufmann, 2017.)Patterson, D., & Hennessy, J. L. (2017). Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface. 5ª ed. Morgan Kaufmann.

Binary number system

1960

Integrated Circuits (ICs): They integrated multiple transistors on a single chip, reducing the size and cost of computers. The IBM System/360 is an important example of this generation. Minicomputers: Smaller, more affordable computers for businesses, such as the PDP-8 from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).

Integrated Circuits and Minicomputers

Second generation

Integrated Circuits and Minicomputers

García, R. (2012). La tercera generación de computadoras: De los circuitos integrados a los sistemas operativos avanzados. Editorial Alfaomega.Rodríguez, J. M. (2015). Historia de la informática: De la tercera generación a los microprocesadores. Editorial McGraw-Hill.

2019

Windows 10 was released in July 2019 and was designed to replace Windows 8.1. It offers a more secure and stable platform than its predecessors, with continuous updates and greater integration with mobile devices. Windows 10 also introduced a new user interface and greater support for virtual and augmented reality devices. - "Windows 10: The Official Guide" by Microsoft (2019) - "Windows 10: A New Era for Windows" by Microsoft ( 2019)

WINDOWS 10

1884

1884 Dorr Felt developed his "Comptometer", which was the first calculator that was operated by simply pressing keys instead of, for example, sliding wheels. It was also an adding machine with the advantage that you could press as many digits as you wanted simultaneously. .

The development of Dorr Felt

Williams, R. (2001). History of technology in the 19th century: Innovations and developments.

2012

Windows 8 was released in October 2012 and was designed to offer a more intuitive and easy-to-use platform than Windows 7. It featured a new user interface and greater integration with mobile devices. - "Windows 8: The Official Guide" by Microsoft (2012) - "Windows 8: A New Era for Windows" by Microsoft (2012)

MICROSOFT WINDOWS 8 IS LAUNCHED

2001

Mac OS X was released in March 2001 and was Apple's first Unix-based operating system. It was designed to replace the Mac OS 9 operating system and provide a more stable and secure platform for Mac users. Mac OS Reference" by Scott Meyers (2001) - "Apple Mac OS X: A New Era for Macintosh" by Apple Computer (2001)

MAC OS

600

Algebra

During this period, algebra developed significantly in the islamic world, especially through the work of mathematicians such as Al-Khwarizmi.Key Contributions: Al-Khwarizmi wrote a Kitab al Mukhtasar hisab al jabar wal mugabala ( The calculation book by completionand balance), which systematized methods to solve linear and square equations. This text is the origin of the term algebra and marked the beginning of a more formalized approach to the resolution of equationsKatz, V. J. (1998). A History of Mathematics: An Introduction. Addison-Wesley.

100 a. C.

The Antikythera Mechanism it was discovered in 7901 in the remains of the nauragio near the Greek island of Anticilla, whereits name come from. It is believed that it was built around 100 BC, although some estimates place its origin at a somewhat earlier or later date. This device was used by the Greek Anligous to predict astronomical positions and eclipses.Source: Freeth, T., & Jones, A. (2006). The Antikythera Mechanism: The Construction, Functions, and Chronology of the World’s First Analog Computer.

Antikythera mechanism- 100 a.C.

2004

LINUX-BASED UBUNTU OPERATING SYSTEM IS LAUNCHED

Ubuntu was released in October 2004 and is a Linux-based operating system. It was designed to be easy to use and offer a secure and stable platform for users. Ubuntu is open source and is maintained by the developer community. - "Ubuntu: Up and Running" by Phil Bull (2005) - "The Official Ubuntu Book" by Benjamin Mako Hill and Jono Bacon (2006)

1622

William Oughtred, an English mathematician, invented the calculus rule, a tool used to perform complex mathematical calculations such as multiplication, division, square roots and logarithms. Although it is not a computer in the modern sense, it was one of the first mechanical tools to perform calculations.Source: Cajori, F. (1915). A History of the Logarithmic Slide Rule and Allied Instruments.

Calculus Rule

Calculus Rule

History of computing (1622)

1801

Silk spinning revolution

1801. The Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard used a punched card mechanism to control the pattern formed by the threads of fabrics made by a weaving machine. The idea of ​​Jacquard, which revolutionized silk spinning, was to form the basis of many computing devices and programming languages..

K rogh, S. R. (2007). The history of the Jacquard loom and its impact on the development of computer technology.

GIbson, W. (2000). The Jacquard loom: The influence of the first computing mechanisms.

1769

analytical machine

Especifically between 1769 and 1777, it is focused on the development of tools that facilitate calculations and data processing, although modern computing was still far from being a reality..

Smith, J. (1769). Historia de la computación de libros: Desde los primeros métodos hasta la revolución digital.

2024

- The GPT-4 is an autoregressive language model that uses a transformative neural network architecture. - It is trained on a massive data set of internet text and can generate coherent and relevant text in a variety of styles and formats. - The GPT-4 has a more advanced language generation and understanding capability than its predecessor, GPT-3.- "GPT-4: A New Generation of Language Models" by OpenAI (2023)- "Improving Language Understanding with GPT-4" by OpenAI (2023) - "GPT-4: A Review of the State-of-the-Art Language Model" by arXiv (2023)

GPT-4 NATURAL LANGUAGE MODEL LAUNCHED

1777

The work of Charles Babbage

He is known for his designs of the "Differential Engine" and the "Analytical Engine", which are precursors to modern computers. Although his machines were not fully built in his time, the concepts Babbage developed laid the foundation for future computing. His "Differential Engine", designed to perform mathematical calculations and generate tables of functions, was an important advance in automatic data processing.

Stein, D. (1998). Charles Babbage: El pionero de la computadora. Ediciones Akal

Swade, D. (2001). La máquina diferencial: Charles Babbage y la búsqueda de la primera computadora.

2000B.C.

Description: The abacus is one of the first mechanical devices of calculation, used by the ancient Mesopotiamians, Egyptians, Greek and Romans. The Abacus has a much older history. The first records of the use of abacus date back to approximately 2000 B.C in Mesopotamia. Over the centuries, the design and use of the abacus evolved in various cultures such as ancient China, Greece, Rome, Japan. Importance: It was the first tool designed to help in mathematical calculations and make it simplesource: Swade, D. (2001). The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer.

The Abacus 算盤

2008

The Intel Core i7 processor was released in November 2008 and was the first quad-core processor for personal computers. It offered superior performance and greater memory capacity than dual-core processors. - "Intel Core i7: The First Quad-Core Processor" by Intel (2008) - "Intel Core i7 Processor: A New Era for Desktop and Mobile Computing " by Intel (2008)

THE FIRST 4-CORE PROCESSOR, INTEL CORE I7, IS LAUNCHED

1879

The development of Herman Hollerith

1879. At 19 years of age, Herman Hollerith was hired as an assistant in the US census offices and developed a counting system using punched cards in which the holes represented sex, age, race, among others.

Ceruzzi, P. E. (1998). Historia de la computación moderna.

McCarthy, J. (2000). History of Punched Card Systems: From Hollerith to Modern Computing

Díaz, M. (2005). Raimundo Vera and his calculating machine: Pioneer of computing in the 19th century.

Díaz, M. (2005). Raimundo Vera and his calculating machine: Pioneer of computing in the 19th century.

1801

Charles Mahon's first logic machine

1801. The first logical machine was invented by Charles Mahon, the Earl of Stanhope. The "Logic Prover" was a pocket-sized device that solved traditional syllogisms and elementary probability questions.Charles Mahon, Earl of Stanhope (1753-1816), was a British politician, scientist, and inventor known for his contributions to engineering and technology. , among other fields. In 1801, he was primarily known for his work in improving printing technology and his developments in the area of ​​machinery. In 1801, his The focus was on engineering and the improvement of machinery, although there is no specific text from that year that is widely recognized. For more details, it is useful to check academic libraries or historical archives specializing in the life and work of the Earl of Stanhope

Babbage, C. (2014). Pasajes de la vida de un filósofo. Editorial Huerga & Fierro.

Campbell-Kelly, M., & Aspray, W. (2004). Computadoras: Historia de la máquina de información.

1950

Transistors: They replaced vacuum tubes, making them more reliable and efficient. Examples include the IBM 1401 and the IBM 7094.Programming Languages: Languages ​​such as FORTRAN (1957) and COBOL (1959) were developed, facilitating the programming and expansion of applications.

Transistors and First Programming Languages

Second Generation

Martínez, F. J. (2003). Historia de la computación: De la segunda generación a la actualidad. Editorial Alfaomega.García, R. (2007). Las segundas computadoras: La transición de los transistores a los circuitos integrados. Editorial McGraw-Hill.

Transistors and First Programming Languages

1642

Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher, developed pascalina, one of the first mechanical calculators. This machine could make additions and subtractions using a gear system. It was an important advance because it showed that the machines could perform anthical calculations in an aulomatic wayImportance: Pascalina was one of the first attempts to create a machine that could automate calculations.source: Mahoney, M. S. (1973). The Mathematical Career of Blaise Pascal.

Pascal Machine

2000

The Itanium processor was released in May 2000 and was designed for high-performance servers and workstations. It was Intel's first 64-bit processor and offered superior performance and greater memory capacity than 32-bit processors.- "The Itanium Processor" de Joel Emer (2000)- "Intel Itanium Processor: A 64-Bit Processor for Servers and Workstations" de Intel Corporation (2000)

INTEL ITANIUM PROCESSOR

1854 y 1869

The development of the Boolean machine (1854 and 1869)

1854 The Development of Boolean Algebra was published by the English logician George Boole. 1869 The first logical machine to use Boolean algebra to solve problems faster than humans, was invented by William Stanley Jevons. The machine, called the Logical Piano, used an alphabet of four logical terms to solve complicated syllogisms.

Boole, G. (1854). An investigation into the laws of thought: On which the mathematical theories of logic and probabilities are based.

Morris, C. (2016). Boolean algebra and its applications.

1970

Microprocessors: They integrated all the CPU components into a single chip. The Intel 4004 (1971) was the first commercial microprocessor. Personal Computers: The Altair 8800 (1975) is considered one of the first personal computers. The Apple II (1977) and the IBM PC (1981) popularized the use of computers in homes and offices..

Microprocessors and Personal Computers

Fourth Generation

Microprocessors and Personal Computers

García, R. (2016). La cuarta generación de computadoras: Microprocesadores y avances tecnológicos. Editorial Alfaomega.Rodríguez, J. M. (2018). Historia de la informática: De los microprocesadores a la inteligencia artificial. Editorial McGraw-Hill.

2003

The AMD Opteron processor was released in April 2003 and was the first 64-bit processor for personal computers. It offered superior performance and greater memory capacity than 32-bit processors, and was designed to be compatible with both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems. - "AMD Opteron: The First 64-Bit Processor for x86 Servers" AMD (2003) - "AMD Opteron Processor: A 64-Bit Processor for Desktop and Mobile Computers" by AMD (2003)

FIRST 64-BIT PROCESSOR FOR PERSONAL COMPUTERS

1893

1893. The first successful automatic multiplication machine was developed by Otto Steiger. Originally made for business, science immediately found a use for the device, and several thousand were sold in the forty years that followed.

Otto's successful machine.

Williams, R. (2006). The internal combustion engine: History and evolution.

Smith, J. (2011). The legacy of Otto's internal combustion engine.

1878

The invention of Ramón Verea

1878 Ramón Verea invented a calculator with an internal multiplication table; This was much faster than using carries or other digital methods at that time. With the ability to perform multiplications directly, something unthinkable for that time

Díaz, M. (2005). Raimundo Vera and his calculating machine: Pioneer of computing in the 19th century.

2010

Windows 7 was released in October 2010 and was designed to replace Windows Vista. It offered a more stable and secure platform than its predecessor, with a new user interface and greater integration with mobile devices. - "Windows 7: The Official Guide" by Microsoft (2010) - "Windows 7: A New Era for Windows "from Microsoft (2010)

MICROSOFT WINDOWS 7 IS LAUNCHED

1673

Description: Designed by German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1673, this machine was a significant improvement over Blaise Pascal's calculator. While Pascal's Pascaline could only add and subtract, Leibniz's machine could also perform multiplication, division, and square rooting through repetitive addition and subtraction. In summary, Leibniz's machine was a major milestone that marked a significant advance in the history of computing. He not only introduced technical improvements in automatic calculation, but also laid the foundation for the theory that would later lead to the creation of digital computers.Leibniz, G.W. (1703). Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire.

Leibniz machine or Leibniz calculator (1673)

1980

-Networks and Connectivity: Computer networks were developed, such as ARPANET, which evolved into the Internet. -Advanced Software: Graphic operating systems such as Microsoft Windows and Mac OS, and object-oriented programming languages, such as C++ and Java-MS, emerged. DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) was first released in 1981, specifically on August 12. This operating system was developed by Microsoft for IBM and became a standard in the world of personal computers - Microsoft's first product was Altair BASIC, an interpreter of the BASIC language, released in 1975 for the Altair 8800 computer. However, The first Microsoft Windows operating system was released on November 20, 1985.

Networks, advances in software and Microsoft

Fifth Generation

Freedman, A. (2001). The Essential Guide to MS-DOS. Ziff-Davis Press. García, R. (2020). La quinta generación de computadoras: Inteligencia artificial y el futuro de la informática. Editorial Alfaomega.

1202

Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci) (c. 1170 - c. 1250): Italian Mathematician known for his work Liber Abaci (1202) Where he introduced the Indo-Arabic numbering system in Eurpoe, replaced the hand system. This book also presents the sequence of Fionacci, a mathematical sucession that has applications in various fields. The introduction of the decimal system facilitated complex calculations and promoted advances in mathematics and scienceKline, M. (1972). Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times. Oxford University Press.

1202 Fibonacci

150 a.C. - 100 d.C.

Description: Instrument used by Greek astronomers to solve problems related to the position of the stars and planetsImportance:Although it is not a calculating device in the modern sense, help advance mathematical thinking and problem solving Source: Evans, J. (1998). The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy.

Astrolabe (~150 a.C. - 100 d.C.)

1614

Napier developed logarithms to facilitate arithmetic calculations and in particular, to simplify multiplications and divisions. At that time, scientists and mathematicians had to deal with tedious and error prone calculations, especially in astronomy and navigation, where large amounts of data were handled. Napier wanted to reduce these complicated calculations to simpler operationssuch as addition and subtractionSource: Napier, J. (1614). Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio.

John Napier and the Logarithms (1614)