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Transcript

Role of memory

The types of learning best explained

5

Behaviorism

How learning occurs

Major Characteristics

Theorists

Role of memory

The types of learning best explained

5

cognitivism

How learning occurs

Major Characteristics

Theorist

Role of memory

The types of learning best explained

5

Constructivism

How learning occurs

Major Characteristics

Theorist

  • B.F. Skinner: He studied how behavior can be changed by rewards and punishments. This idea is called operant conditioning.

Focus on Actions: Looks at behaviors we can see and measure, instead of what people are thinking or feeling.Rewards and Punishments: Uses rewards to encourage good behavior and punishments to discourage bad behavior.Learning Through Conditioning: Believes that people learn by responding to different stimuli, like in Pavlov's and Skinner's experiments.Structured Learning: Often involves clear instructions, practice, and specific goals.

Reinforcement: When a behavior is rewarded, it’s more likely to be repeated. If it’s punished, it’s less likely to happen again.

Learning through Conditioning: Learning happens by conditioning, where people learn behaviors based on their responses to certain things.

Focus on What You Can See: Learning is measured by changes in behavior that can be observed.

Memory as Response: Memory is mainly about remembering learned behaviors when certain things happen.Effects of Rewards: When a behavior is rewarded, it helps strengthen memory, making it more likely to be repeated.Limited Focus: Behaviorists don’t pay much attention to how memory works inside the mind; they focus more on actions we can see.

Skill Learning: This theory explains learning that involves practicing specific skills, like riding a bike or playing an instrument.Conditioned Responses: It helps us understand how people learn to react to certain situations, like training pets or teaching students rules.Drill and Practice: It’s great for learning facts through repetition, such as memorizing math facts or vocabulary words.

Lev Vygotsky

Soviet psychologist who studied how social interactions and culture influence learning, especially through his idea of the Zone of Proximal Development.

Stresses the importance of social interaction in learning. Learning is influenced by the context or situation. Focuses on building knowledge through experiences and reflection

Learning happens through active participation and exploration. Working with others helps deepen understanding.

Memory is about linking new ideas to what we already know. Involves both personal and social aspects of remembering.

Good for deep thinking and critical analysis. Works well for collaborative and hands-on learning.

Jean Piaget

Swiss psychologist who developed a theory of cognitive development in children, outlining four stages through which they actively construct their understanding of the world.

Good for complex problem-solving and understanding concepts. Helps with applying knowledge in new situations.

Learning happens through thinking and problem-solving. Students build their understanding by processing new information.

Memory helps us store and retrieve information. Long-term memory connects new ideas with what we already know.

Focuses on internal thought processes. Learners are active participants in their learning. Emphasizes understanding and organizing information.