PARTS OF THE ANIMAL CELL

animal cell

The typical eukaryotic animal cell contains membrane-bound organelles and nonmembrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm, which characterize it and allow it to perform heterotrophic nutrition.

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Nucleus

Function

• Holds the cell's DNA
• Processing and managing cell information.

Quantity

• Normally, eukaryotic cells have only one nucleus.

Composition

• The shape of this organelle varies depending on the cell in which it is found, but it is usually round.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Function

• fold proteins into the correct shape and make sure the proteins are made correctly before send them to their jobs

Characteristics

• It gets its name due to the appearance of ribosomes attached to its surface.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Function

• Responsible for the production of lipids, or fats, and breaks down any harmful substances.
• Can change shape to help with different jobs

lysosomes

Function

• Contains digestive enzymes with which to perform cellular digestion.
• Act like recycling bins
• Digest food, break down old or worn-out organelles, and remove waste.
• defend cells from bacteria

Golgi apparatus

Function

• Help package proteins and fats from the endoplasmic reticulum
• modifies, sorts, and packages the materials into vesicles and sends them to their location

Composition

• flat, pancake-like sacs stacked on top of each other
• AKA Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex

mitochondria

Function

• tiny power plants
• create energy that the cell can use
• take energy from food and change it to energy - cellular respiration

Composition

• They have an elongated shape and have two membranes: an internal membrane that folds into ridges and a smooth external membrane.

centrioles

Function

• Involved in cellular division, forming the spindle and cytoskeleton.
• Help keep DNA organized

Composition

• They are cylindrical organelles, exclusive to animal cells.

Characteristics

• They are normally found in the centrosome, an area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus.

plasma membrane

Function

• Controls which substance can enter and leave the cell to keep it functioning properly
• GIves shape to animal cells and protect organelles

Composition

• made of fats and proteins that fit together making the membrane flexible

Cytoskeleton

Function

• Skeleton inside a celll
• Keep shape, make it strong, and keep everything in place
• Provides support

Nucleolus

Function: to build ribosomes (helps the cell build proteins) Where in the cell: inside the nucleus The nucleolus is like a tiny factory inside the cell’s control center

Ribosomes

• Ribosomes build proteins.
• Tiny but essential