Pharmacology and Venipuncture

RAD 100 Pharmacology and Venipuncture

Ionic vs Nonionic

Drug ClassificationsPart 1

Contrast Agents

Pharmacology

Drug ClassificationsPart 2

Venipuncture & Drug Administration

Action & Reaction

Side Effects & Adverse Reactions

Venipuncture

VeniPuncture

Safety

Terms

Drug Administration

Universal Precautions

Key Terms& Abbreviations

5 Rightsof Drug Admin

Abbreviations

Needle& Syringe

Starting

Administration Equipment

IVs& Venipuncture

AdministrationRoutes

Viles & Ampules

Discontinuing

Topical

Enteral

Parenteral

Contrast Media

Contrast Media

Ionic vs Nonionic

Ionic vs Nonionic

Omnipaque

Visipaque

Conray (IV)

Nonionic

Ionic

Ultravist

Gastrograffin (GI)

Optiray

Isovue

DrugClassification

Antiemetic

Adrenergic

Antihistamines

Antimuscarinic

Organic Nitrates

Antianxiety

Antibiotics

Thyroid

Diabetes

DrugClassification

Blood Drugs

Antacids

Cardiotonic

Constipation

Calcium Channel Blockers

Diarrhea

Analgesics, Antipyretics, Anti-inflammatory

Diuretics

Opioids

Maalox (trade) Magnesium hydroxide (generic) Sodium Bicarbonate: Used in cardiac arrest to reduce acidosis Pepcid (trade)Famotidine (generic)

Example

Used to treat heartburn and indigestion by neutralizing gastic acidity and decreasing the rate of gastric emptying time

Purpose

Too much use can cause rebound effects

Antiacids

Coumadin (trade) Warfarin sodium (generic) Heparin (trade) Heparin sodium (generic)

Example

Prevent thrombus formation before surgical or imaging procedure Prevents extension of thrombi after MI, stroke, PE, and venous thrombosis

Purpose

cardiovascular, respiratory, and allergic reaction

Adrenergic Drugs

Example

Levoxyl (trade)Levothyroxine (generic) PTU (Propylthiouracil)

Levothyroxine - hypothyroidism PTU - hyperthyroidism

Purpose

Thyroid

Example

Motrin, Advil, etc. (trade) Ibuprofen (generic) Tylenol (trade) Acetaminophen (generic)

Reduce pain, reduce fever, reduce inflammation

Purpose

Analgesics, Antipyretics, Anti-inflammatory

Under Construction

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Insulin - decreases blood glucose Glucophage & Glipizde - decrease blood glucose and can be used with diet and exercise

TYPE 1 Insulin TYPE 2 Glucophage (trade)Metformin (generic) Glucotrol (trade)Glipizide (generic)

Example

Purpose

Diabetes

Nonionic Contrast Media

3 iodine atoms & one particle (anion) Low osmolality (LOCM) The osmolality of nonionic contrast agents is closer to that of human plasma which makes it a safer choice for patients

Example

Adrenalin chloride (trade) Epinephrine (generic)

Constrict blood vessels and stimulates the heart

Purpose

cardiovascular, respiratory, and allergic reaction

Adrenergic Drugs

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What is venipuncture?

Venipuncture is the process of penetrating the skin and puncturing a vein as part of a medical procedure. It is within our scope of practice to perform, use, and maintain IV's for medication administration.

Example

Milk of Magnesia (trade) Magnesium (generic) Colace Metamucil (trade) Docusate sodium psyllium (generic)

Cathartics: cause evacuation by increasing peristalsis Laxatives: promote bowel evac. by increasing bulk, softening, or lubrication

Purpose

Cathartics or Laxatives

Consipation

Example

Cardizem (trade) Diltiazem (generic)

Reduce calcium flow to heart and relaxes smooth muscle tone to reduce muscle spasm

Purpose

Calcium Channel Blockers

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What is contrast?

Contrast is a valuable tool that helps us enhance the visibility of specific body parts or systems. These contrast agents are considered to be drugs, and it's important to treat them as such. They can be categorized as radiopaque (primarily in gastrointestinal studies) or radiolucent.

Some things to consider when selecting the right contrast agent:

• Abilility to mix with body fluids
• Viscosity
• Ionic strength

• Osmolality
• Iodine content
• Potential for toxicity

Example

Benadryl (trade) Diphenhyrdamine (generic)

treats anaphylactic shock, upper respiratory disorders, acute urticaria, edema, hypersensitivity reactions, motion sickness and nausea

Purpose

Antihistamine

Ionic Contrast Media

• Consist of a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion
• For every 3 iodine atoms there are 2 particles for osmolality

--> one cation and one anion <--

• high-osmolar
• Most frequently associated with adverse events

Keflex (trade) Cephalexin (generic) Augmentin (trade)Amoxicillin (generic) Cipro (trade)Ciprofoxacin (generic)Zithromax (trade) Azithromycin (generic)

Example

These drugs are all considered anti-infectives used for bacterial infections

Purpose

Antibiotics

Pepto Bismol (trade) Bismuth subsalicylate (generic) Imodium (trade) Loperamide (generic)

Example

to prevent continued diarrhea that could lead to dehydration

Purpose

could result in impaction and cramping

AntiDiarrhea

Atropine (trade) Atropine sulfate (generic)

Example

Depresses the parasypathetic system to Increase cardiac output, constrict blood vessels, decrease saliva, and bronchial secretions

Purpose

Used to increase heart rate, control overactive bladder, relieve Parkinson's, Asthma, & COPD symptoms

Antimuscarinic

Codeine (trade) Codeine sulfate (generic) Percocet (trade) oxycodone (generic) Duragesic (trade)Fentanyl (generic)

Example

Purpose

For moderate/severe pain

Can be used alone or in combo with other meds

Opioids

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Compazine (trade) Dramamine (generic) Zofran (trade) Ondansetron (generic)

Example

Used to treat motion sickness, nausea, and vomiting

Purpose

Antiemetic

What is pharmacology?

This is the study of the actions and interactions of drugs or medications on living organisms. These chemical substances are meant to produce a biological effect in an organism. It is our responsibility to know the safe dosage, route of administration, limitations, side effects, potential adverse or toxic reactions, and the indications and contraindications for the specific drug.

Needles & syringes

Getting to the point

Subcutaneous

Intramuscular

Intradermal

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Visual content is a transversal, universal language, like music. We are capable of understanding images from millions of years ago, even from other cultures. We don't like to bore. We don't want to be repetitive. Communicating as always bores and doesn't engage. We do it differently. We sabotage boredom. We create what the brain likes to consume because it stimulates it.

Link

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With Genially's templates, you can include visual resources to leave your audience amazed. You can also highlight a specific phrase or data that will be etched into your audience's memory, and even embed external content that surprises: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want!

Link

Example

Xanax (trade) Alprazolam (generic) Ativan (trade) Lorazepam (generic)

Reduce anxiety, relax muscles, can reduce seizure activity

Purpose

Antianxiety (Benzodiazepines)

Example

Lanoxin (trade) Digoxin (generic)

Increase force of contractions of the heart to reverse cardiac symptoms

Purpose

Calcium Channel Blockers

Example

Lasix(trade) Furosemide (generic)

Reduce blood volume through urine excretion to treat HTN and edema

Purpose

Diuretics

Example

Nitrostat (trade) Nitroglycerin (generic)

Relaxes smooothe muscle of arteries and veins, easing pain from acute angina

Purpose

Headache is common side effect

Organic Nitrates

• Ampule Small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of parenteral solution in a sterile condition
• Angiocath Catheter inserted directly into the vein for drug administration
• Bolus Concentrated mass of pharmaceutical preparation
• Buccal Pertaining to the inside of the cheek
• Drip Infusion Intravenous infusion of a large amount of fluid over a certain period
• Enteral Within the gastrointestinal tract
• Extravasation Discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue and tissue necrosis if not reversed with an antidote
• Intradermal Within or between the layers of skin
• Intramuscular Within the muscle tissue
• Intravenous Within a vein
• Intravenous Injection Medication that is delivered by intravenous push (rapid delivery) or intravenous infusion (slow drip of medication over a period of time) directly into the vein
• Parenteral or Parenterally Drug administration by a route other than the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically by injection through the skin
• Rectal Inserted into the rectum
• Subcutaneous Beneath the skin
• Sublingual Beneath the tongue
• Topical Applied to a certain area of the skin and affecting only the area to which it is applied
• Transdermal Entering through the skin
• Venipuncture Puncture of a vein
• Vial Small glass bottle containing multiple doses of a drug