Day 6.2 Legislative Changes under Progressive Presidents/Prohibition
Lisa Valentine
Created on September 16, 2024
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Day 6: Legislative Changes Under Progressive Presidents
To read more about President T. Roosevelt and the National Park System click here
Theodore Roosevelt was the first of the three Progressive presidentsAn avid outdoorsman, Roosevelt wanted to conserve public land, so he established over 230 million acres as national parks and forests President Roosevelt also adopted the Square Deal to address social and economic problems that were being publicized by investigative journalists, writers, and photographers known as muckrakers
Theodore Roosevelt
The Jungle, written by muckraker Upton Sinclair, exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industryIn response to The Jungle, and as part of his Square Deal, Roosevelt worked with Congress to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act (FDA), which protected consumer health and safety by increasing federal regulation over the food and drug industriesWith the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act, the federal government moved away from its traditional laissez-faire approach to governing and began governing in a way that protected the welfare of its citizens
President William Taft
- Rather than seeking a third term as president, Roosevelt endorsed Republican William Taft for the 1908 election with the understanding that Taft would adopt his Progressive policies
- After winning the election, Taft oversaw the passage of the Sixteenth Amendment, which allowed Congress to collect a national income tax in order to provide the American government with a more consistent way of raising money
- Like Roosevelt, Taft was successful at breaking up numerous trusts and monopolies; however, he lacked Roosevelt’s popularity and struggled to pass legislation through Congress
- Disappointed with Taft’s performance, Roosevelt decided to run for president as a third-party candidate under the Bull Moose Party
In 1912, Roosevelt’s Bull Moose Party divided the Republican Party; this allowed Woodrow Wilson to secure the presidency despite only receiving 42 percent of the popular voteUnder the Organic Act of 1916, President Wilson established the National Park Service to ensure that federally protected land and its resources were conserved so they could be enjoyed by the public
President Woodrow Wilson
Wilson’s Progressive Legislation -In order to fight economic, social, and political problems, President Woodrow Wilson approved legislation:
President Wilson tasked the Department of Labor with improving working conditions for laborers
To streamline the election of senators and remove bribery and influence from the process, the Seventeenth Amendment allowed citizens to vote directly for U.S. senators
To respond to the widespread concern of child labor, the Child Labor Act reformed the use of child labor throughout the nation
To ensure a more equal distribution of the tax burden, the Graduated Income Tax taxed the wealthy at a greater percentage
- Progressives urged Congress to pass prohibition legislation; this led to the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment, which banned the “manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors” in the United States
- Alcohol abuse was believed to be the cause of many societal problems, including poverty, crime, and family violence
- The temperance movement of the 1820s, established to limit or prohibit alcohol, was revived by women in the Progressive Era as they gained more political influence
Prohibition
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Americans turned to hidden and illegal saloons and nightclubs called speakeasies in order to purchase alcohol
Prohibition fueled the growth of organized crime. Gang members and mobsters smuggled and sold alcohol to speakeasies, providing themselves with a steady source of income and increased power
Initially, alcohol sales in America declined; however, over time many grew resentful of the government’s interference and found alternative ways of purchasing alcohol
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Prohibition
Effects of
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