Interactive cell poster
Aashi Patel
Created on September 16, 2024
Over 30 million people build interactive content in Genially.
Check out what others have designed:
SUNITA NARAN
Interactive Image
BERTA CÁCERES
Interactive Image
DESMOND TUTU
Interactive Image
VANDANA SHIVA
Interactive Image
CRAIG HODGES
Interactive Image
FAMILY FAVORITES - IRISH FILM
Interactive Image
VIRTUAL LIBRARY
Interactive Image
Transcript
Analysis and Diagnosis
The patient is a 2 yr old baby alien. After many tests, it was found that the baby was found to have an enlarged spleen, enlarged liver, eye movement disorder, yellow spots in eyes, fatigue, bruises, lung problems, and seizures. The cause of this was the missing of enzymes. This led to lipid buildup in the spleen and liver.
Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
Cellular Malfunction
Intergalactic Crisis
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
Symptoms
Microvilli Microvilli Increase surface area for diffusion and reduce volume in a cell. They have many functions, including absorption and secretion. Microvilli is not a membrane-bound organelle.
Plasmatic Membrane The plasma membrane is a border that controls the passage of substances from extracellular space to the inside of the cell and vice versa. In simple words, it separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment. The plasma membrane is a membrane-bound organelle.
Mitochondria The mitochondria are the metabolism of the cells and produce ATP. They generate the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. The mitochondria is a membrane-bound organelle.
Ribosomes Ribosomes are cellular machinery responsible for making proteins. They link amino acids together and go through protein synthesis. Ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm and attach to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are not membrane-bound organelles.
Lysosomes Lysosomes break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. If the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process called programmed cell death, or apoptosis. A lysosome is a membrane-bound organelle containing enzymes.
Nucleus The nucleus contains the cell genome and gene expression. The nucleus stores the DNA and controls and regulates the cell's activities, such as growth and metabolism. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle enclosed by the plasma membrane.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum The rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, which create proteins. Its functions are protein folding, sorting, and transporting proteins outside the cell to their proper destination, the Golgi Apparatus. The rough ER is part of the membrane-bound organelle.
Golgi Apparatus The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the rough and smooth ER and packages and delivers them to their destination. It is also responsible for transporting and modifying proteins and lipids into secretory vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations. The Golgi Apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle.
Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is fluid that fills the entire cell space around the organelles. It holds the cell's internal components in place and protects them from any damage. The cytoplasm is not a membrane-bound organelle.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum The smooth ER has very few to no ribosomes attached to it. It is responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids, as well as the detoxification and storage of drugs and toxins. The smooth ER is part of the membrane-bound organelle.
- As cells increase in size, this ratio decreases
- More efficient exchange of materials with the environment when the cell is smaller
- Aliens also have small cells, allowing for faster exchange of materials.
Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
Specific surface are-to-volume ratios are needed for biological systems to obtain necessary resources, eliminate waste products, aquire thermal energy, and exchange chemicals and energy with the environment.
In Xylorian cells, compartmentalization is important as it provides more efficiency in the function and productivity of the organelles. It also keeps things from freely roaming around the cell.
Compartmentalization
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
- No membrane bound organelles
- No nucleus
- Has a cell wall
- Unicellular
- Asexual repoduction
- Has membrane bound organelles
- Has nucleus
- Can be unicellular or multicellular
- Asexual and sexual reproduction
- Ribosomes
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- DNA
The main issue in the cells was regarding the lysosomes. The lysosomes in the cell were getting enlarged and filled with undigested lipids. The lysosomes contain enzymes, and this condition creates the absence or deficiency of the enzymes. Without the digestive role of these lysosomes, the rest of the organelles in the cell can also not function correctly; the specific organelles the lysosome defect will affect are the mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus.The baby Xylorian is diagnosed with Gaucher's Disease.
In the Xylorian cell, the nucleus was noticed to be pushed off to the side and the cell was filled with abnormal lipids. Because of this, the cell was no longer able to function correctly, and the baby was seen to have abnormal organs in their body. The cells had a buildup of fats and the toxins in the cells were no longer able to be removed completely. The protein synthesis was also failing, creating a negative chain affect on the cell.
Analysis
Analysis and Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Endomembrane Pathway
Solution
The endomembrane pathway is significantly affected because of the defect in the lysosome. Lysosomes are a part of the endomembrane system. The endomembrane system modifies, packages, and transports lipids and proteins. When the proteins go from the nucleus to the rough ER and the smooth ER to the Golgi apparatus, vesicles bud off from the trans-Golgi and fuse with endosomes, and lysosomes are formed. The lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that destroy the pathogens that may enter the cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum also generates lysosome enzymes; the endoplasmic reticulum sends vesicles packed with enzymes. Without this process, enzymes would not be able to accomplish their critical functions, as the lysosomes depend on the contribution of the Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body.
A treatment done for Gaucher's Disease is enzyme replacement therapy. This therapy corrects the underlying enzyme deficiency that causes symptoms of Gaucher disease. It specifically helps with lysosomal storage disease treatment. This therapy purifies the proteins so that the enzyme can work in better conditions, and if the enzyme is deficient, this therapy will inject enzymes into the body to carry out the functions of the enzymes in the cells.