CONDITIONALS

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If + present simple, will + base verb

The First Conditional is used for real or possible situations in the present or future. It talks about things that are likely to happen if a certain condition is met.

• If it rains, I will stay at home.
• If you study, you will pass the exam.
• If she calls, I will answer.
• If we leave now, we will catch the train.
• If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.

If + past simple, would + base verb

If + present simple, will + base verb

• If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
• If he were the president, he would change the law.
• If we lived in New York, we would visit Central Park often.
• If I had more money, I would travel the world.
• If they studied harder, they would pass the exam.

The Second Conditional is used for hypothetical, unreal, or unlikely situations in the present or future. It expresses an imagined outcome.

If + past perfect, would have + past participle

The Third Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical situations in the past that did not happen. It reflects regrets or things we wish had been different.

• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
• If she had known, she would have helped.
• If we had gone to the party, we would have met them.
• If you had called, I would have answered.

If + present simple, present simple

The Zero Conditional is used to talk about facts, general truths, or situations that are always true when a certain condition is met. It often describes scientific facts, cause-effect relationships, or habitual actions.

• If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
• If people don’t eat, they get hungry.
• If it rains, the grass gets wet.
• If you touch fire, you get burned.
• If the sun shines, the temperature rises.

Exercises

If you ______ (mix) red and blue, you ______ (get) purple.If the temperature ______ (drop) below zero, water ______ (freeze).If you ______ (press) the button, the machine ______ (stop).If I ______ (wake) up late, I ______ (miss) the bus.If you ______ (boil) an egg, it ______ (become) hard.

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Exercises

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs:If I ______ (know) about the event, I ______ (attend).If she ______ (listen) to me, she ______ (avoid) the mistake.If they ______ (start) earlier, they ______ (finish) on time.

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Exercises

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs:If I ______ (be) you, I ______ (talk) to her.If she ______ (know) the answer, she ______ (tell) you.If we ______ (have) more time, we ______ (go) to the museum.

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Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs: If you ______ (help) me, I ______ (finish) faster. If it ______ (not rain), we ______ (go) to the park.If they ______ (arrive) on time, we ______ (start) the meeting.

Exercises

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