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Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism

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Transcript

Learning Theories

Behaviorism

How Learning Occurs

Operant conditioning: educators uses this to reward and punishment students' behavior (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

In a classical-conditional experiement by Ivan Pavlov, when a dog hears the sound of the bell, it salivates, the dog associated the bell with food (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

The Role of Memory

Learners recall and connect with the neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

Major Characteristics

Behaviors can be trained and/or modified if needed (Cherry, 2022)

Major Theorist

John B. Watson, Edward Thorndike, B. Frederic Skinner

Types of Learning Best Explained

Learning Theories

Cognitivism

How Learning Occurs

Sensorimotor: learning through their sensesPreoperational: use symbols to learn and communicateConcrete operations: using logical reasoningFormal operations: able to understand formal and abstract operations (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

Types of Learning Best Explained

Bruner explains learning with 3 processes. 1. acquistion- where information is stored 2. transformation- processing information3. evlauation- to assess the information (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

The Role of Memory

Long-term memory is when mental picture and thoughts are stored for great lengths (Michela, 2020)

Major Characteristics

Cognitive development, organization and how information is stored and retrieved

Major Theorist

Maria Montessori, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky

Learning Theories

Constructivism

How Learning Occurs

Learner plays a key role, one must internalize, and connect with their "world knowledge" and reflect to make it meaningful (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

The Types of Learning Best Explained

Learners connect new content to background knowledge which taps into their metacognition (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

The Role of Memory

Individual must generate the knowledge to make it meaningful

Major Characteristics

Learners are actively involved while thinking and learning

Major Theorist

Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky