The Political Map of Europe: Between Crowns and Presidents
Gabriela Azevedo
Created on September 13, 2024
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Transcript
The Political Map of Europe: Between Crowns and Presidents
This work analyses the forms of government in European countries, classifying them as democratic republics, authoritarian republics and constitutional monarchies. Through a comparison, it seeks to understand how these systems affect governance and democratic participation, as well as identify political trends and promote reflection on democracy and authoritarianism. The study also aims to contribute to civic education and foster discussions about the importance of democratic governance.
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The Democratic Republics
1.
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Definition:A democratic republic is a form of government that operates on principles adopted from a republic and a democracy. As a cross between two entirely separate systems, democratic republics can function based on principles shared by both republics and democracies.
The Authoritarian Republics
2.
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Definition:Broadly defined, authoritarian states include countries that lack human rights such as freedom of religion, or countries in which the government and the opposition do not alternate in power at least once following free elections.
3.
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Definition:Constitutional monarchies are countries where the monarch is the head of state, but his powers are limited by a constitution or laws. The government is usually run by an elected parliament.
The Monarchies
- Liechtenstein - Constitutional monarchy with elements of absolute monarchy, parliamentary system.
- Monaco - Constitutional monarchy with elements of absolute monarchy, parliamentary system.
- Norway - Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
- Netherlands - Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
- United Kingdom - Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
- Sweden - Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
24,4%
75,6%
European forms of government
Based on the rankings mentioned, we can calculate the percentages:
The total number of countries in Europe is 45.
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73,3%
24,4%
2,2%
Conclusion
In the future, the preservation of these values will depend on the ability of European countries to continue to strengthen their democratic institutions and respond effectively to contemporary challenges. Europe's stability and prosperity in the 21st century will be intrinsically linked to its ability to maintain and deepen the democratic legacy that defines the continent today.
4.
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Belgium
Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
Serbia
Parlament System, president elected by direct vote.
Türkiye
Presidential system, president elected by direct vote.
Portugal
Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.
Czechia
Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.
Spain
Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
Malta
Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.
Kosovo
Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.
Greece
Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.
Poland
Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.
Estonia
Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.
Andorra
Parliamentary system, co-principled with two princes (the president of France and the bishop of Urgell).
Germany
Parlament system, Indirect presidential election by parliament.
Italy
Parliament system, president elected by an electoral college composed of parliamentarians and regional represetatives.
Denmark
Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
Belarus
Presidential authoritarian system, president elected by direct vote.
Hungary
Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.
Montenegro
Parliamentary System, president elected by Direct Vote.
Latvia
Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.
France
Semi-Presidencial system, President elected by direct vote
Ukraine
Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.
Switzerland
Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.
Moldavia
Parlament System, president elected by direct vote.
North Macedonia
Parliamentary System, president elected by Direct Vote.
Lithuania
Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.
Iceland
Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.
Bulgaria
Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.
Luxembourg
Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
Ireland
Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.
Austria
Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.
Romania
Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.
San Marino
Parliamentary System, Regent Captains elected by parliament.