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Transcript

The Political Map of Europe: Between Crowns and Presidents

This work analyses the forms of government in European countries, classifying them as democratic republics, authoritarian republics and constitutional monarchies. Through a comparison, it seeks to understand how these systems affect governance and democratic participation, as well as identify political trends and promote reflection on democracy and authoritarianism. The study also aims to contribute to civic education and foster discussions about the importance of democratic governance.

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The Democratic Republics

1.

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Definition:A democratic republic is a form of government that operates on principles adopted from a republic and a democracy. As a cross between two entirely separate systems, democratic republics can function based on principles shared by both republics and democracies.

The Authoritarian Republics

2.

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Definition:Broadly defined, authoritarian states include countries that lack human rights such as freedom of religion, or countries in which the government and the opposition do not alternate in power at least once following free elections.

3.

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Definition:Constitutional monarchies are countries where the monarch is the head of state, but his powers are limited by a constitution or laws. The government is usually run by an elected parliament.

The Monarchies

  • Liechtenstein - Constitutional monarchy with elements of absolute monarchy, parliamentary system.
"Liechtenstein flag in the background." Freepik, https://br.freepik.com/fotos-premium/bandeira-do-liechtenstein-como-pano-de-fundo_22591251.htm

  • Monaco - Constitutional monarchy with elements of absolute monarchy, parliamentary system.
"Flag of Monaco." Buy Flags, https://www.buyflags.pt/monaco-flag-id109.html

  • Norway - Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
"Flag of Norway." Ecco Bandeiras, https://www.eccobandeiras.com.br/bandeira-de-noruega

  • Netherlands - Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
"Flag of the Netherlands." Freepik, https://br.freepik.com/vetores-premium/uma-bandeira-dos-paises-baixos_40866024.htm

  • United Kingdom - Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
"Flag of the United Kingdom." Freepik, https://img.freepik.com/fotos-gratis/bandeira-do-reino-unido_1401-252.jpg

  • Sweden - Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.
"Flag of Sweden." Freepik, https://img.freepik.com/vetores-premium/projeto-de-bandeira-da-suecia-acenando-a-bandeira-sueca-feita-de-cetim-ou-tecido-de-seda-ilustracao-vetorial_191567-114.jpg

24,4%

75,6%

European forms of government

Based on the rankings mentioned, we can calculate the percentages:

The total number of countries in Europe is 45.

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73,3%

24,4%

2,2%

Conclusion

In the future, the preservation of these values will depend on the ability of European countries to continue to strengthen their democratic institutions and respond effectively to contemporary challenges. Europe's stability and prosperity in the 21st century will be intrinsically linked to its ability to maintain and deepen the democratic legacy that defines the continent today.

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Belgium

Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.

Serbia

Parlament System, president elected by direct vote.

Türkiye

Presidential system, president elected by direct vote.

Portugal

Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.

Czechia

Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.

Spain

Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.

Malta

Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.

Kosovo

Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.

Greece

Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.

Poland

Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.

Estonia

Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.

Andorra

Parliamentary system, co-principled with two princes (the president of France and the bishop of Urgell).

Germany

Parlament system, Indirect presidential election by parliament.

Italy

Parliament system, president elected by an electoral college composed of parliamentarians and regional represetatives.

Denmark

Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.

Belarus

Presidential authoritarian system, president elected by direct vote.

Hungary

Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.

Montenegro

Parliamentary System, president elected by Direct Vote.

Latvia

Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.

France

Semi-Presidencial system, President elected by direct vote

Ukraine

Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.

Switzerland

Parliamentary System, president elected by parliament.

Moldavia

Parlament System, president elected by direct vote.

North Macedonia

Parliamentary System, president elected by Direct Vote.

Lithuania

Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.

Iceland

Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.

Bulgaria

Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.

Luxembourg

Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system.

Ireland

Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.

Austria

Parlament system, president elected by direct vote.

Romania

Semi-presidential system, president elected by direct vote.

San Marino

Parliamentary System, Regent Captains elected by parliament.