Neuroscience

Fabian Alvarez, Robinson Díaz, Mijael Kam, Gadiel Sanchez, Diego Quezada, Armando Aparicio

Neuroscience

Author

Santiago Ramón y Cajal is often named "father of modern neuroscience" for his outstanding studies on the microscopic anatomy of the nervous system, his observations on the degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system.

Definition

Neuroscience: any or all of the sciences, such as neutrochemistry and experimental psychology, which deal with the structure or function of the nervous systemand brain.

• Between 1811 and 1824, Charles Bell and François Magendie discovered through dissection and vivisection that the ventral roots in spine transmit motor impulses and the posterior roots receive sensory input.
• In the 1820s, Jean Pierre Flourens pioneered the experimental method of carrying out localized lesions of the brain in animals describing their effects on motricity, sensibility and behavior. He concluded that the ablation of the cerebellum resulted in movements that “were not regular and coordinated".
• Studies of the brain became more sophisticated after the invention of the microscope and the development of a staining procedure by Camillo Golgi during the late 1890s that used a silver chromate salt to reveal the intricate structures of single neurons.
• Camilo Golgi's technique was used by Santiago Ramón y Cajal and led to the formation of the neuron doctrine, the hypothesis that the functional unit of the brain is the neuron.

Collaborators

Origin

In the 60s of the 20th century, neuroscience was born as an interdisciplinary study. Starting in the 1960s, giant steps were taken in the study of the brian, largely due to technological advacnes.

"Rubber hand experiment"

The person sits with their real hand hidden and a visible rubber hand placed in front of them.

Both the hidden real hand and the visible rubber hand are stroked or stimulated simultaneously.

After a while, many people feel as if the rubber hand is their own, demonstrating how the brain integrates visual and tactile information.

Experiments

In 2011, a team of Swedish researches managed to create the illusion that participants had a third artificial arm. To do this, they placed the fake arm next to the subjects, rigth arm and simultaneously stimulated the real and artifical arm with a paintbrush. After a few mintues, the participants began to feel that fake arm was part of their body and reacted anxiously when the researchers threatened to cut it off with a knife.

Thanks for your attention

Somos capaces de entender imágenes de hace millones de años, incluso de otras culturas.