Secondary Unit Plan

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Unit 4

SUCCESS AND FAILURE

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Unit 4

VERB PATTERNS: INFINITIVES AND -ING FORMS

[Some verbs + Object]We use the infinitive form after specific verbs

[Something, anywhere + infinitive]is often used to express purpose, intention, or the need for action related to a place, object, or situation.

[Superlatives and the first, the next + infinitive]is used to emphasize a unique achievement or a notable action associated with an individual or thing

[Quantifiers + infinitive]These quantifiers emphasize whether there is enough, too much, or too little of something to perform an action.

[let, make and help + object + base verb]This structure typically describes allowing, forcing, or assisting someone to do something

[object + and, or but, except, and than]is used to connect two clauses or actions, often to show addition, contrast, exception, or comparison

4

2

1

3

ACTIVITY+

Activity+

ACTIVITY+

Activity+

ACTIVITIES

Quantifiers + Object + Infinitive

Quantifiers

Superlatives, the first, the next

Something, Anywhere + Infinitive

Something, anywhere

Some verbs + objects

Infinitives

Remember what you know

Superlatives, the first, the next + Object + Infinitive

go!

ING FORM OF THE VERBS

VERB FORMS: ING

+ info

We use ING forms after:[some verbs + object + ing]

She caught him stealing from the store.They found her working late at the office.I can’t imagine him lying to his friends.We kept them waiting for an hour.He left me wondering what would happen next.

ING FORMS

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Adding Emphasis (2): Inversion and do/does/did

'Inversion' means reversing (inverting) the normal subject–verb word order in a sentence

We can use inversion to add emphasis, especially in formal English. It is common, for example, in political speeches, because it has a persuasive and impressive effect.

To invert a sentence in this way, we put the adverbial (e.g. never, rarely, not only, etc.) at the beginning and change the normal position of the subject and the auxiliary verb.

Not only did they arrive late but they talked throughout the film. (They not only arrived late but they talked throughout the film.)

If there is no auxiliary verb, we need to add one. For example, we add do for present simple verbs and did for past simple verbs.

Rarely do we find such talent. (We rarely find such talent.)

Grammar

do/does/did in affirmative sentences

Does + Base Verb

does

Did + Base Verb

did

Do + Base Verb

do

In formal or emphatic speech, do/does/did can be used to emphasize the verb in affirmative sentences. This adds force or urgency, highlights a contrast, or stresses a point, especially when correcting a misunderstanding.

Let’s keeplearning!

We will continue learning

Fill in the blanks with "something" or "anywhere" and the appropriate infinitive.

1. I’m looking for ________ to eat.
2. Do you have ________ to go after class?
3. We need ________ to sit during the concert.
4. They gave us ________ to think about.

She's the youngest athlete to break the recordThis is the most difficult exam to passThat's the smartest solution to solve the problemHe was the first student to finish the assignmentShe'll be the next candidate to interview for the position

Superlatives, the next, the first + object + infinitive

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1. They _________ me ________ (remind, finish) the report.
2. She ____________ him ________ (encourage, reject) for the scholarship.
3. We ____________ them ________ (ask, leave) until the meeting ended.
4. He ____________ me ________ (convince, sell) the car.

Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses.

[object + and/or/but/except/than + base form]

They asked me to sit and wait for the doctorShe invited us to come and join the conversationHe does nothing but watch TV all day.He invited me to go but refused to pay.He did everything except finish the last section.She tried everything except talk to him directly.He prefers to write than speak in meetings.It's easier to listen than argue in this situation.

She lets me borrow her car for the weekend.My parents let me stay out late last night.The teacher made us redo the assignment.They made him apologize for his mistakeThey helped us organize the event.She helped him carry the boxes to the car.

let, make and help + object

It gave me something to focus onThey gave us nothing to worry aboutHe found something to cheer him up after a long dayShe needs somewhere to stay for the nightWe need someone to talk to about thisDo you have anywhere to go after work?

[something, anywhere + infinitives]

''This formula mainly describes the purpose or use of an object, place, or person concerning an action. It often highlights a need, goal, or solution.''

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EXAMPLES

Normal: Hard work counts for a lot.Emphasized: Hard work does count for a lot.Normal: The plan makes sense.Emphasized: The plan does make sense.Normal: She likes the movie.Emphasized: She does like the movie.Normal: The dog listens to commands well.Emphasized: The dog does listen to commands well.Normal: It helps to study in a quiet room.Emphasized: It does help to study in a quiet room.

• Agree, decide, promise
• Plan, expect, refuse
• Offer, attempt, hope

She told me not to lookThey reminded us to bring our passportsI asked them to wait outsideHe invited us to attend the partyWe convinced them to join the teamShe told me to clean the roomShe warned me not to touch the hot stove

[some verbs + object + infinitive]

Infinitives

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How to Form Inversion Step by Step:

1. Identify the Negative Adverbial: Start with a phrase like "Never," "Not until," or "Only."
2. Inversion of the Auxiliary Verb and Subject: If the sentence has an auxiliary (like "did," "have," "can"), place it before the subject. If there’s no auxiliary, use a form of "do" for inversion (e.g., "did," "does").
3. Keep the Main Verb in Base Form: After the auxiliary verb, use the base form of the main verb.
4. Complete the Sentence: Add the rest of the sentence normally.

Here are some examples of this structure being used in some TV shows.

Complete the sentences using the correct forms of superlatives, the first and the next.

1. She’s the ________ (young) person ________ (graduate) from college.
2. That was the ________ (difficult) problem ________ (solve) in the competition.
3. He is the ________ (fast) runner ________ (win) the marathon.
4. He was ________ person ________ (arrive) at the party.
5. You’ll be ________ candidate ________ (interview) for the job.
6. She was ________ student ________ (complete) the test.

EXAMPLES

Normal: He took off after the meeting.Emphasized: He did take off after the meeting.Normal: I called you last night.Emphasized: I did call you last night.Normal: They finished the project on time.Emphasized: They did finish the project on time.Normal: She brought the documents.Emphasized: She did bring the documents.Normal: We saw the new exhibit last week.Emphasized: We did see the new exhibit last week.

Uses for specific verbs:

Catch and find: Used to describe observing someone in the act of doing something.Keep: Describes continuing an action or making someone remain in a state.Imagine: Indicates picturing someone doing something.Leave: Refers to causing someone to be in a particular state or situation.

Never

Examples with:

Normal: I have never been so surprised.Inversion: Never have I been so surprised.Normal: They had never seen such beauty.Inversion: Never had they seen such beauty.

1. It’s no use complaining about the weather.
2. There’s no point arguing over something so trivial.
3. It’s no good lying to yourself about the situati
4. There’s no point worrying about things you can’t control.

Expressions with it... and there's no

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EXAMPLES

Normal: Take your time reading the instructions.Emphasized: Do take your time reading the instructions.Normal: Try your best to finish the task.Emphasized: Do try your best to finish the task.Normal: Visit the museum when you’re in town.Emphasized: Do visit the museum when you’re in town.Normal: Listen to what I’m saying.Emphasized: Do listen to what I’m saying.Normal: Help me with the bags.Emphasized: Do help me with the bags.

Only

Examples with

Normal: You can succeed only by working hard.Inversion: Only by working hard can you succeed.Normal: He understood the problem only after seeing the results.Inversion: Only after seeing the results did he understand the problem.

Not until

Examples with:

Normal: I didn't realize how important sleep is until I became a parent.Inversion: Not until I became a parent did I realize how important sleep is.Normal: They didn’t understand the rules until the game ended.Inversion: Not until the game ended did they understand the rules.

• Enough
• Too much / too many
• Too little

We had enough money to buy the ticketsShe has enough patience to deal with difficult situationsI have too much work to finish before the deadlineThere are too many tasks to complete in one dayWe had too little time to explore the cityThere isn't enough energy to power all the machines

[Quantifiers + object + infinitive

Complete the sentences with the correct quantifier (enough, too much, too little) and the base form of the verb.

1. We don’t have ________ time ________ (finish) the assignment.
2. She had ________ information ________ (make) a decision.
3. There was ________ food ________ (eat) for everyone.
4. He had ________ work ________ (complete) by the deadline.