PHylososphy timeline

The history of Psychology

From Ancient Greece all the way up to Modern psychology

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Functionalism

Functionalism: focuses on the acts and functions of the mind rather than its internal contents How can people strengthen good habits. Can someone attend to more than one item at the same time. How does an intention lead to an action.

Behaviourism

-Focused on the observable behaviour -If it cannot be observed, it is not worth studying -Places emphasis on the effects of the environment on behaviour -External stimulus

John B Watson

Rewards + Punishments

Nurture

Nature

From a scientific perspective, “nature” refers to the biological/genetic predispositions that impact one's human traits — physical, emotional, and intellectual. “Nurture,” in contrast, describes the influence of learning and other “environmental” factors on these traits

William James

-Renounced to define the elements of the mind -He questioned how people came to produce behaviour

1st Psychology Clinic

Shifts from experimental work to practical application

Founded by Lightner Witmer

In 1896 at the University of Pennsylvania.

Socrates

-He showed how argument, debate, and discussion could help men to understand difficult issues. -Most of the issues he dealt with were only political on the surface. Underneath, they were moral questions about how life should be lived.

2000: sequencing of the human genome 16 research institutions around the world complete a “working draft” mapping of the human genetic code Provides basis for new understanding of human development and disease

Dualism

Dualism most commonly refers to: Mind–body dualism, a philosophical view which holds that mental phenomena are, at least in certain respects, not physical phenomena, or that the mind and the body are distinct and separable from one another.

Introespection- 1874

Subjects look into themselves and talk about what they experienced

Monism

'Monism' is a very broad term, applicable to any doctrine which maintains either that there is ultimately only one thing, or only one kind of thing; it has also been used of the view that there is only one set of true beliefs. In these senses it is opposed to the equally broad term 'pluralism'.

1960s to 70s

Increased interest in social and cultural influences on human behaviour Sociocultural Psychology Positive Psychology: Focus: Strengths, virtues, and happiness

Scientific Revolution XVII

The story of scientific psychology begins with the Scientific Revolution. -The scientific revolution did more than create the idea that psychology might be a science, it gave rise to new conceptions of mind and body fundamental to psychology’s development. - The Scientific Revolution created the concept of consciousness, around which the first psychologies were organized, and created the concept that the universe is a machine, suggesting that living bodies were organic machines

Psychology during Renaissance and Enlightenment

The Renaissance ignited a renewed interest in individual personality, providing the impetus for psychology's evolution as a scientific discipline.

The period is thought to have begun with the reclamation of Aristotelian documents that discussed the basis of the mind. During this period, many different men and women advanced psychology by perfecting scientific methods and researching reason, thought, and mental illness.

EARLY PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS

Psykhe

Logos

Psychology

Soul

Study

Renaissance (XV-XVI)

Advances on biology Emphasis on biology rather than the mind -But still seen as related -Hormones, genetics,and chemical reactions as explanations of human behaviour

Psychology through Europe

APA founded in 1892 By G. Stanley Hall

Wilhelm Wundt, 1879

He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology". In 1879, at the University of Leipzig, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research. This marked psychology as an independent field of study.

Wundt's approach ultimately failed because of the lack of reliability of his methods. Introspective 'experimental' results were not reliably reproducible by other researchers in other laboratories.

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The birth of modern psychology

Psychology as a field of experimental study began in 1854 in Leipzig, Germany, when Gustav Fechner created the first theory of how judgments about sensory experiences are made and how to experiment on them. William James famously defined psychology as the science of mental life

Ancient Greece

Some geek philosophers first formulated the ideas of human experience and the nature of being The Greeks not only gave the name to this discipline, they were also one of the first civilizations to engage in the philosophical study of psychology.

The ideas of Socrates

Legacy

Death of Socrates

Plato's dialogues

The Forms

The Soul

The theory of knowledge

20 century

Structuralism: Focused on the structure of the mind (Wundt and Titchener). Functionalism: Focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior (William James). Psychoanalysis: Focused on unconscious motives and conflicts (Sigmund Freud). Behaviorism: Emphasized observable behavior and learning (John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner). Humanistic Psychology: Focused on individual potential and self-actualization (Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow). Cognitive Psychology: Emphasized internal mental processes (Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky).

1950s- Cognitive revolution

1951: 1st drug to treat depression (imipramine) was developed Still used under the name of tofranil 1953: APA publishes 1st edition of Ethical Standards

Life

Logic

Phylosophy

Biology

Plato

Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. In Athens, Plato founded the Academy, a philosophical school where he taught the philosophical doctrines that would later became known as Platonism. Along with his teacher, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato is a central figure in the history of philosophy.

Psychoanalysis

Focused on the influence of the unconscious mind on conscious behaviour

By sigmund Freud

Dualism

Monism

Dualism teaches that Mind and Body are two really distinct principles; whilst Monism maintains that both mental and corporeal phenomena are merely different manifestations of what is really one and the same Reality.

Aristotle

-Stated that the soul was related to psychological functions of the body -Body and soul cannot be considered independently -The soul/Mind (psyche) is the form, or essence of any living thing

1980s

-1981: AIDS and HIV 1st diagnosed-Epidemic presents challenges for mental health professionals -At-risk patients’ anxiety -Depressión -AIDS-related dementia

How did it begin?

Modern Psychology