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Presentand Past Tenses

Simple Present

The simple present is used to express regular actions, general facts, and permanent situations. The affirmative structure uses the base form of the verb, adding -s or -es for the third person singular. In negative sentences and questions, the auxiliary do or does is used followed by the base form of the verb. It is also common for schedules and planned events.

1. Affirmative: He reads a book every evening.

2. Question: Does she like coffee?

Simple Past

The simple past is used to describe actions completed in the past. In the affirmative structure, the verb is used in its past form. To form negatives and questions, the auxiliary did is used followed by the base form of the verb. This tense is essential for recounting events that have already happened.

1. Affirmative: She visited Paris last year.

Present Continuous

2. Question: Did you enjoy the concert?

The present continuous is used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking or in progress. It is formed with the present tense of the verb to be (am, is, are) followed by the main verb in its base form + -ing. In negatives, not is added after the verb to be. For questions, the order of the subject and to be is reversed. It is also used to talk about temporary situations and future plans

1. She is studying for her exams right now.

2. Are they traveling to Spain next month?

Past Continuous

The past continuous is used to describe actions that were in progress at a specific moment in the past. It is formed with the past tense of the verb to be (was, were) followed by the main verb in its base form + -ing. In negatives, not is added after the verb to be. For questions, the order of the subject and to be is reversed. This tense helps set the context for an action or show that an action was ongoing when another occurred.

1. They were watching TV when the phone rang.

2. Was she studying all night?.

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Sebastian 306

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