Tipos de Ostomías & Drenajes
Huemac Fernando Yáñez Domínguez
Created on September 11, 2024
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Transcript
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoInstituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas"Escuela de Enfermería "Aurelia Saldierna Rodríguez"
"Tipos de Ostomías y drenajes
Alumno: E.L.E. Yáñez Domínguez Huemac Fernando Materia: Enfermería Clínica Profesor: M. Ed. Estrada Berber Oscar Andryw 3er Semestre Grupo: 3510 Fecha de presentación: 11 de Septiembre de 2024
Tipo de Ostomías
Ileostomía
Un estoma se define como la derivación de una víscera hueca hacia la piel de forma quirúrgica
Una ileostomía es una abertura creada de forma quirúrgica desde el íleon terminal a la pared abdominal.
El color del estoma de una ileostomía es rosado (como la mucosa oral), húmero y brillante. Su tamaño dependerá de características individuales tales como el peso, el perímetro del abdomen, ganancia o pérdida de peso.
Las heces procedentes de la ileostomía son de consistencia líquida o pastosa, nunca serán formadas, ya que la absorción de agua se produce principalmente en el intestino grueso, el cual ha sido extirpado o evitado.
El débito de este tipo de estoma es abundante, por lo que será necesario vaciar la bolsa colectora varias veces al día
Indicaciones:Enfermedad intestinal inflamatoriaCáncer de colon o del rectoDefectos congénitos que involucran los intestinosUn accidente que daña los intestinos u otra emergencia intestinal
Tipo de Ostomías
Colostomia
Un estoma se define como la derivación de una víscera hueca hacia la piel de forma quirúrgica
Colostomía: Abertura mediante técnica quirúrgica del colon mediante pared abdominal al exterior.
Es un procedimiento quirúrgico en el que se saca un extremo del intestino grueso a través de una abertura (estoma) hecha en la pared abdominal. Las heces que se movilizan a través del intestino salen por la estoma hasta la bolsa adherida a la piel del abdomen.
IndicacionesInfección abdominalLesión al colon o al rectoBloqueo parcial o completo del intestino gruesoHeridas o fístulas en el perineo.
Tipo de Ostomías
Gastrostomia
Un estoma se define como la derivación de una víscera hueca hacia la piel de forma quirúrgica
Colocación de una sonda en el estómago, atravesando la pared abdominal. Su fin último es la alimentación de la persona.
IndicacionesPacientes con tumores cerebralesPaciente con enfermedades de carácter irreversible con expectativas de supervivencia prolongadaPaciente con una enfermedad terminal
La sonda G se introduce en el estómago a través de esta incisión. El médico utiliza suturas para cerrar el estómago alrededor de la sonda.
Cuidados del estoma
Un estoma se define como la derivación de una víscera hueca hacia la piel de forma quirúrgica
Comprobar la aparición de otras posibles complicaciones.
Durante las 2 primeras semanas tras la colocación de la sonda, se lavará el estoma con la ayuda de una gasa estéril, agua tibia y jabón con pH neutro. Tras realizar el lavado, secar la zona de forma minuciosa, desde la sonda hacia fuera. Aplicar un antiséptico y colocar una gasa estéril abierta por uno de sus lados bajo el estoma.
A partir de la tercera semana tras la colocación de la sonda, será suficiente con la limpieza del estoma con agua y jabón pH neutro.
Comprobar que no existe irritación de la piel periestomal, inflamación o secreción. También comprobar que la zona no está enrojecida ni es dolorosa.
Se recomendará al paciente la colocación de ropa no ajustada para no oprimir el estoma y la sonda.
Podrá duchar tras 1 semana de la intervención.
Drenajes
Los drenajes quirúrgicos son unos dispositivos que se utilizan para facilitar la evacuación de aquellos líquidos, gases, secreciones o derrames que pueden aparecer en la incisión después de la operación quirúrgica. Estos dispositivos se colocan en la herida y se conectan a un sistema de vacío para drenar el exceso de fluido y facilitar la curación.
Son aquéllos en los que el fluido sale al exterior por gravedad o capilaridad.
Drenajes Activos
Drenajes Pasdivos
Este tipo de drenaje se utiliza para evacuar colecciones de una forma rápida y eficaz, sobre planos de disección o en cavidades.
Drenajes
Los drenajes quirúrgicos son unos dispositivos que se utilizan para facilitar la evacuación de aquellos líquidos, gases, secreciones o derrames que pueden aparecer en la incisión después de la operación quirúrgica. Estos dispositivos se colocan en la herida y se conectan a un sistema de vacío para drenar el exceso de fluido y facilitar la curación.
Este drenaje abierto consiste en aplicar una gasa en la herida quirúrgica y dejarla expuesta para que los fluidos drenen a través de ella. Este vendaje debe cambiarse regularmente para mantenerlo limpio y evitar infecciones.
De Penrose
Qx de Gasa
El drenaje de Penrose está formado por un tubo de caucho blando y delgado que se coloca dentro de la herida quirúrgica y se extiendo hacia el exterior del cuerpo. Igual que el anterior, este también actúa por capilaridad.
Drenajes
Los drenajes quirúrgicos son unos dispositivos que se utilizan para facilitar la evacuación de aquellos líquidos, gases, secreciones o derrames que pueden aparecer en la incisión después de la operación quirúrgica. Estos dispositivos se colocan en la herida y se conectan a un sistema de vacío para drenar el exceso de fluido y facilitar la curación.
Este drenaje incluye un tubo de plástico o látex que funciona igual que el anterior, es decir, se coloca dentro del cuerpo dejando otro extremo en el exterior. El tubo en cuestión tiene múltiples orificios a lo largo de su longitud que permiten que los líquidos y el pus fluyan hacia el exterior.
de Jackson Pratt y Blake
De Redón
El drenaje de Jackson Pratt es un tubo de silicona conectado a un recipiente colector vacío. De esta manera, todos los fluidos que se acumulan en la herida, pasan por el tubo y se recolectan en el recipiente. Este tiene capacidad limitada y debe vaciarse periódicamente.
Drenajes
Los drenajes quirúrgicos son unos dispositivos que se utilizan para facilitar la evacuación de aquellos líquidos, gases, secreciones o derrames que pueden aparecer en la incisión después de la operación quirúrgica. Estos dispositivos se colocan en la herida y se conectan a un sistema de vacío para drenar el exceso de fluido y facilitar la curación.
Este drenaje suele aplicarse en cirugías abdominales y se utiliza para drenar el área de la vesícula biliar y el hígado. El drenaje de Kehr se lleva a cabo bajo anestesia general y se realiza una incisión en la región abdominal superior derecha. A través de esta incisión se inserta un tubo de drenaje en la vesícula biliar, dejando el extremo del tubo fuera del cuerpo.
De Saratoga
De Kehr
Se trata del drenaje más empleado en las heridas infectadas, además de utilizarse cuando hay que drenar cantidades grandes de fluidos. Está formado por un tubo de silicona multiperforado y conectado a un sistema de aspiración, por lo que todos los fluidos se van a una bolsa de recolección. Este recipiente permite medir el volumen de líquido drenado y el monitoreo de la evolución del/a paciente.
Drenajes
Los drenajes quirúrgicos son unos dispositivos que se utilizan para facilitar la evacuación de aquellos líquidos, gases, secreciones o derrames que pueden aparecer en la incisión después de la operación quirúrgica. Estos dispositivos se colocan en la herida y se conectan a un sistema de vacío para drenar el exceso de fluido y facilitar la curación.
Comprobar permeabilidad.Evitar acodaduras en el circuito. Mantener el drenaje en su sitio.Observar color, olor, consistencia del contenido drenado.Medir el contenido en horario programado según indicación médica.
Cuidados
Todo drenaje debe estar conectado a un reservorio que permita recoger todo lo drenado y su medición correspondiente.La instalación de las conexiones debe hacerse previo lavado de manos y utilizando guantes estériles o de procedimiento, según corresponda.
Cambiar el recolector de líquido cada 24 horas o en SOS.Observar la piel circundante al punto de inserción del drenaje con el fin de detectar precozmente signos de inflamación o infección.
Bibliografía
- Coloscopia [Internet]. MedlinePlus. 2024 [citado el 10 de septiembre de 2024]. Disponible en: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002942.htm#:~:text
- Gómez Rodríguez I. ATENCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA AL PACIENTE OSTOMIZADO [Internet]. Npunto. 2022 [citado el 10 de septiembre de 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.npunto.es/revista/47/atencion-de-enfermeria-al-paciente-ostomizado
- Ileostomía [Internet]. MedlinePlus. 2022 [citado el 10 de septiembre de 2024]. Disponible en: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007378.htm#:~:text
- Inserción de sonda de alimentación por gastrostomía [Internet]. MedlinePlus. 2022 [citado el 10 de septiembre de 2024]. Disponible en: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002937.htm
- Drenajes, Manejo y Cuidados de Enfermería [Internet]. Yo amo enfermería blog. [citado el 10 de septiembre de 2024]. Disponible en: https://yoamoenfermeriablog.com/2019/12/19/drenajes-cuidados-de-enfermeria/
- INNENKA. Clasificación sobre los tipos de drenajes quirúrgicos [Internet]. 2023 [citado el 10 de septiembre de 2024]. Disponible en: https://escuelainenka.com/tipos-drenajes-quirurgicos/
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