Biochem jeprody

What forms of damage are crystalins most frequently exposed to? How are the fibers protected from the damage?

Explain the differances in Rod and Cone Phototransduction and recovery

Explain / Draw the process of Adapation

What are the sources of vit- A and how dose it reach the eye?

What are the varrious forms of Cervoinc Acid in the body and where are they found?

Draw and explain the phototransduction activation pathway.

Describe the post-translational modifications and possible side effects

Draw and explain the recovery pathway.

What are the relative wavelengths of each apoprotein (R, B, G, Rhodopsin)? What is meant by S, M, and L?

What are the components/ general structure of the vitreous humor

Where are the chromophores of rhodopsin and cone opsins regenerated? What type of molecules are the opsinsin both rods and cones?

What are the carrier protiens used to trasport Vit-A and why are they needed?

What is the pathway Cervonic acid takes to reach the eye?

Describe the structure of the cornea and features of each layer

Describe/ draw the structure and arrangement of the collagen fibers in the corneal stroma

What is the isomerization process and where does it occur on the chromophore? Where is it in the cell?

Describe the structures of the alpha, beta and gama crystalins.

Describe the roll and location of Cervonic Acid in the photorecepor cells

How are crystalins classified and what are the main groups?

Describe enzymes includeing the primary features and functions

How would you prove the presance of Cervonic acid in the Retina.

What is the long-term goal for retinal prosthesis? What are the limitations and the main problems encountered.

How can a lack of vit-A contribute to disease states?

Draw and explain the pathway of cervoinc acid turnover.

What are the forms of Vit-A and their functions?

Describe GAG's , their function and location in the eye.

Phototransduction occurs where in the photoreceptor?

What are the main type(s) of color blindness and what differentiates them? What genesare involved and which one is the most common?

How is the structure of the collagen lattice maintained and why is the specific shape important?

How does lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) function in metabolism and what is the substrate and product for the reaction catalyzed by LDH?

What types of collagen are in the eye and where are they located?

Which crystalin has protective effects and what are those effects?

Describe the types of cataracts and how they form.

What is the chromophore of rhodopsin and the cone opsins? How are they linked to the protein and what other interactions occur between protein and chromophore?.

The three groups of Matrix metalloproteinases and their functions are ?

What are the defining traits of collagen?

What is retinal prosthesis and how does it differ from cortical brain prosthesis?

Describe a zymogen and provide an example

What is the function of aldose reductase in the eye, its substrate and potental for causeing disease

How often are Photoreceptor cells regenerated. What is the structure of a photoreceptor?

Draw the transport and recyling pathways of Vit-A

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How does the body recognize "self" vs "not self"

Describe the difference between innate and adaptive immunity

Describe the basic antibody structure

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