First Partial Topics

First Partial Topics

Present Continuos:

Would Like:

Structure The basic structure of “would like” is: Subject + would like + (noun phrase OR infinitive verb)

-Usage and ExamplesExpressing Desires or Preferences -Structure: Subject + would like + noun -phrase Examples: “I would like a cup of coffee.” “She would like a new book for her birthday.”

-Making Requests

Structure: Would + subject + like + infinitive verb

-Examples: “Would you like to join us for dinner?” “Would you like to see a movie tonight?”

-Making Offers

-Structure: Would + subject + like + noun phrase

-Examples: “Would you like some help with your homework?” “Would you like a slice of cake?”

-Making Invitations

-Structure: Would + subject + like + infinitive verb

Examples: “Would you like to come to my party?” “Would you like to go for a walk?”

Summary:

Desires/Preferences: “I would like a cup of coffee.” Requests: “Would you like to join us for dinner?”Offers: “Would you like some help with your homework?” Invitations: “Would you like to come to my party?”

The present continuous tense is formed using the present tense of the verb “to be” (am, is, are) followed by the base verb with an -ing ending.

Affirmative Structure:

Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing

Example: I am reading a book. They are playing soccer.

Negative Structure:

Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing

Example: She is not watching TV. We are not going to the party.

Interrogative Structure:

Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?

Example: Are you studying for the exam? Is he coming to the meeting?

Actions happening at the moment of speaking: -Example: I am typing on my computer right now. -Example: She is cooking dinner at the moment. Temporary actions or situations: -Example: He is staying with his friend for a few days. -Example: We are working on a new project this week. Future plans or arrangements:-Example: They are meeting their friends tomorrow. -Example: I am visiting my grandparents next weekend.Changing or developing situations:-Example: The weather is getting colder. -Example: Her English is improving rapidly. Repeated actions with “always” (often with a negative connotation): -Example: He is always losing his keys. -Example: They are always arguing about something.

Present Perfect:

The present perfect tense is formed using the present tense of the verb “to have” (have/has) followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Affirmative Structure:

Subject + have/has + past participle

Example: I have finished my homework. She has visited Paris.

Negative Structure:

Subject + have/has + not + past participle

Example: They have not (haven’t) seen that movie. He has not (hasn’t) eaten breakfast.

Interrogative Structure

Have/Has + subject + past participle?

Example: Have you read this book? Has she called you?

Actions that happened at an unspecified time before now: -Example: I have traveled to Japan. -Example: They have met the new manager. Actions that started in the past and continue to the present: -Example: She has lived in New York for five years. -Example: We have known each other since childhood. Experiences: Example: I have never tried sushi. Example: He has visited the Grand Canyon. Changes over time: Example: My English has improved since I moved here. Example: The company has grown significantly. Achievements: Example: Scientists have discovered a new planet. Example: She has won several awards. Actions with a result in the present: Example: I have lost my keys (so I can’t open the door). Example: She has broken her leg (so she can’t walk).