LOBAL
NEQUALITIES
&
EVEN
EVELOPMENT
IS221/LBST201 Week TWO Lecture, 2024 Dr Nazanin Shahrokni
Announcement
Date: Friday, September 20, 2024 Time: 12:00 PM – 1:00 PM Location: Belzberg Library, SFU Vancouver
This event is not just about ice cream (though that’s a big part of it!); it’s about making connections and learning about the trio of services that can support your academic journey. Along with the Student Learning Commons (SLC), you’ll have the opportunity to learn about and engage with the Research Commons and Belzberg Library services—all under one roof. It’s a one-stop shop for academic success, with the SLC as your primary host. At the SLC, we provide learning services that go beyond writing support. We offer time management and study strategy consultations, along with support for English as an Additional Language (EAL) learners. Students can also book in-person or Zoom consultations to receive feedback on their writing, practice for presentations, or get help with research strategies.
On the Agenda
Global Inequalities
Theories of Global Development
Compare & Contrast Modernization & Development Theories
Current Affairs
In the News Today: Global Inequalities
Oxfam's Inequality Inc. January 2024
1. Inquality in numbers
2. Visualizing inquality
2-1. Global North owns the world
2-2. Corporate power
2-3. We are (not) in this together
SO what is global inequality?
UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT
Global Inequality
Global inequality is the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and power that shape well-being among the 8 billion individuals on our planet. Global inequality is one way of understanding the different lived experiences of our fellow humans, no matter where they live.
Economic inequality—the unequal distribution of income—is one strikingly visible dimension of global inequalities in well-being. Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen calls the array of things that make up well-being “capabilities.” Capabilities are essential “freedoms” that come from having adequate resources and the ability to use those resources with ease and purpose. Global inequality thus is not just about what people have and don’t have—but what they're able to do with what they have.
Global Development according to the UN
Development is a multidimensional undertaking to achieve a higher quality of life for all people.Sustained economic growth is essential to the economic and social development of all countries, in particular developing countries. Through such growth, which should be broadly based so as to benefit all people, countries will be able to improve the standards of living of their people through the eradication of poverty, hunger, disease and illiteracy, the provision of adequate shelter and secure employment for all and the preservation of the integrity of the environment.
Development process of social change and transformation (assumed to be positive); it is a “right”.
Global Development according to Escobar
To understand development as a discourse, one must look at this system of relations, relations that define the conditions under which objects, concepts, theories, and strategies can be incorporated into the discourse. The system of relations establishes a discursive practice that sets the rules of the game: who can speak, from what points of view, with what authority, and according to what criteria of expertise; it determines the rules that must be followed for this or that problem, theory, or object to emerge and be named, analyzed, and eventually transformed into a policy or a plan (Arturo Escobar, 1999).
Use & Complete This Development Timeline
1980s-1990s
1950s
End of World War II; The Cold War; Decolonisation; Rise of the Developmental State
Collapse of the Soviet Union; Rise of Neoliberalism
1960s-1970s
2000s-
Modernisation & Dependency Theories; Rise of Liberalism
Crises of Neoliberalism
Truman's Point Four Program, 1949
Countries in the Point Four Program as of 1 July 1952
Discuss using class concepts
THEORIES OF GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
THEORIES OF GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
Modernization Theory
US & other modernized nations
Nation 2
Nation 3
Nation 1
THEORIES OF GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
Dependency Theory
It argues that rather than focusing on what udnerveloped countries are doing wrong, we should focus on how they have been wronged by richer nations
Periphery
Center/Core
Semi-Periphery
Dependency
Modernization
VS
Compare Theories of Global Development
Both theories focus on inequalities between nations and not within nations
Modernization theory sees development as inevitable, Dependency theory sees underdevelopment as inevitable and as always entangled with development
Both are concerned with the same PROBLEM:Underdevelopment
Modernization theory focuses on microsociological factors, Dependency theory on macrosociological factors
Dependency theory highlights colonial legacies, Modernization theory neglects historical trajectories.
Thank you! Enjoy the rest of the week!
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Transcript
LOBAL
NEQUALITIES
&
EVEN
EVELOPMENT
IS221/LBST201 Week TWO Lecture, 2024 Dr Nazanin Shahrokni
Announcement
Date: Friday, September 20, 2024 Time: 12:00 PM – 1:00 PM Location: Belzberg Library, SFU Vancouver
This event is not just about ice cream (though that’s a big part of it!); it’s about making connections and learning about the trio of services that can support your academic journey. Along with the Student Learning Commons (SLC), you’ll have the opportunity to learn about and engage with the Research Commons and Belzberg Library services—all under one roof. It’s a one-stop shop for academic success, with the SLC as your primary host. At the SLC, we provide learning services that go beyond writing support. We offer time management and study strategy consultations, along with support for English as an Additional Language (EAL) learners. Students can also book in-person or Zoom consultations to receive feedback on their writing, practice for presentations, or get help with research strategies.
On the Agenda
Global Inequalities
Theories of Global Development
Compare & Contrast Modernization & Development Theories
Current Affairs
In the News Today: Global Inequalities
Oxfam's Inequality Inc. January 2024
1. Inquality in numbers
2. Visualizing inquality
2-1. Global North owns the world
2-2. Corporate power
2-3. We are (not) in this together
SO what is global inequality?
UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT
Global Inequality
Global inequality is the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and power that shape well-being among the 8 billion individuals on our planet. Global inequality is one way of understanding the different lived experiences of our fellow humans, no matter where they live. Economic inequality—the unequal distribution of income—is one strikingly visible dimension of global inequalities in well-being. Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen calls the array of things that make up well-being “capabilities.” Capabilities are essential “freedoms” that come from having adequate resources and the ability to use those resources with ease and purpose. Global inequality thus is not just about what people have and don’t have—but what they're able to do with what they have.
Global Development according to the UN
Development is a multidimensional undertaking to achieve a higher quality of life for all people.Sustained economic growth is essential to the economic and social development of all countries, in particular developing countries. Through such growth, which should be broadly based so as to benefit all people, countries will be able to improve the standards of living of their people through the eradication of poverty, hunger, disease and illiteracy, the provision of adequate shelter and secure employment for all and the preservation of the integrity of the environment. Development process of social change and transformation (assumed to be positive); it is a “right”.
Global Development according to Escobar
To understand development as a discourse, one must look at this system of relations, relations that define the conditions under which objects, concepts, theories, and strategies can be incorporated into the discourse. The system of relations establishes a discursive practice that sets the rules of the game: who can speak, from what points of view, with what authority, and according to what criteria of expertise; it determines the rules that must be followed for this or that problem, theory, or object to emerge and be named, analyzed, and eventually transformed into a policy or a plan (Arturo Escobar, 1999).
Use & Complete This Development Timeline
1980s-1990s
1950s
End of World War II; The Cold War; Decolonisation; Rise of the Developmental State
Collapse of the Soviet Union; Rise of Neoliberalism
1960s-1970s
2000s-
Modernisation & Dependency Theories; Rise of Liberalism
Crises of Neoliberalism
Truman's Point Four Program, 1949
Countries in the Point Four Program as of 1 July 1952
Discuss using class concepts
THEORIES OF GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
THEORIES OF GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
Modernization Theory
US & other modernized nations
Nation 2
Nation 3
Nation 1
THEORIES OF GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
Dependency Theory
It argues that rather than focusing on what udnerveloped countries are doing wrong, we should focus on how they have been wronged by richer nations
Periphery
Center/Core
Semi-Periphery
Dependency
Modernization
VS
Compare Theories of Global Development
Both theories focus on inequalities between nations and not within nations
Modernization theory sees development as inevitable, Dependency theory sees underdevelopment as inevitable and as always entangled with development
Both are concerned with the same PROBLEM:Underdevelopment
Modernization theory focuses on microsociological factors, Dependency theory on macrosociological factors
Dependency theory highlights colonial legacies, Modernization theory neglects historical trajectories.
Thank you! Enjoy the rest of the week!