Science

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Galilea Salinas

Science

Erwin Schrödinger 1926

Niels Bohr 1913

Ruterford 1909

Thomson 1897

John Dalton 1803

Democritus (400 B.C)

Scientists

Heisenberg 1927

James Chadwick 1932

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Invisible Atom

• Proposed that matter is composed of small, indivisible particles called atoms
• Introduced the idea that different types of atoms exist of different materials

Democritus theorized that atoms are the smallest units of matter and cannot be further divided. He believed that atoms move through empty space

Democritus 400B.C

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Dalton proposed that atoms are solid, indivisible spheres, each element consisting of identical atoms, and that chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of these

Ball Model

• He made the first modern atomic theory

• Introduced the concepts of atomic weights and the idea that atoms combine

John Dalton 1803

Pudding Model

• Discovered the electron through cathode ray experiments
• Proposed that atoms are composed of electrons embedded in a positively charged

Thomson's model depicted the atom as a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons scattered within it, like plums in a pudding

Thomson 1897

Ball Model

• Discovered the atomic nucleus through the gold foil experiment
• Proposed that atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons

Rutherford's model depicted the atom as having a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting this nucleus

Rutherford1909

Bohr Model (Planetary Model)

• Introduced the idea that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels
• Explained atomic emission spectra as the result of electrons moving between energy levels

Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed paths or energy levels, and that these electrons can jump between levels

Niels Bohr 1913

Quantum Mechanical Model (Wave Model)

• Developed the Schrödinger equation, which describes how the quantum state system changes over time
• Proposed the concept of electron wave functions, where the probability of finding an electron in a particular region is described by a wave function

Schrödinger's model views electrons as wave-like entities that exist in regions of space called orbitals, rather than fixed paths

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Schrödinger 1926

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Heisenberg’s model suggests that electrons do not have fixed orbits but are found in probabilistic electron clouds, with their exact position and momentum being uncertain

Quantum Mechanical Model (Uncertainty Principle)

• It states that the exact position and momentum of an electron cannot be simultaneously known
• Contributed to the development of quantum mechanics and the probabilistic nature of electron positions.

Heisenberg 1927

Ball Model

• Discovered the neutron
• Provided a more accurate model of the atom, the additional mass is not explained by protons alone

Chadwick’s model included neutrons in the atomic nucleus, which along with protons, accounts for the atomic mass

James Chadwick 1932