MAPAMUNDI OCEÁNICO

Survival tecniques

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Artic Ocean

The Inuit of the Arctic The Inuit are indigenous people of the Arctic and subarctic regions of North America. They were traditionally nomadic hunter gatherers, following the migration patterns of animals like caribou musk ox, and seal.

• The inuit used the resources of their environment to the fullest, crafting tools, clothing, and shelters from materials like caribou hide, seal skin and whale bone.
• They had deep understanding of the Arctic climate and weather patterns, allowing them to thrive in the harsh conditions.
• Inuit communities were organized around extended family groups, with strong social networks that enabled mutual support and survival.

Indigenous Tribes in the Amazon Rainforest The indigenous tribes of the Amazon rainforest, such as the Yanomami and the Kayapo, have honed survival techniques that adapt to one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. They practice sustainable agriculture through slash-and-burn farming, which allows them to cultivate crops like cassava and plantains without depleting the soil. Foraging for fruits, nuts, and medicinal plants is integral to their survival, as is fishing in the abundant rivers. The tribes are skilled hunters, using blowguns and bows crafted from local materials, and they have deep spiritual and cultural connections to the forest, which guide their practices in conservation and resource management.

Inuit people of the Arctic

Indigenous Tribes in the Amazon Rainforest

Inca Civilization in the Andes Mountains The Inca civilization, which thrived in the Andes mountains of South America, showcased remarkable survival strategies that included advanced agricultural techniques. The Incas developed terracing and irrigation systems to cultivate crops like potatoes, maize, and quinoa on steep mountain slopes, maximizing arable land. They built extensive road networks and communication systems to connect their vast empire, facilitating trade and resource distribution. The Incas also practiced freeze-drying techniques for preserving food, enabling them to store provisions for long periods. Their understanding of the environment allowed them to identify medicinal plants and adapt to the diverse climatic zones within their territory.

Inca Civilization in the Andes Mountains

Vikings The Vikings, known for their exploration, raiding, and trading across Europe from the late 8th to early 11th centuries, employed diverse survival techniques that enabled them to thrive in various environments. They were skilled shipbuilders, crafting longships that could navigate both open seas and shallow rivers, allowing for extensive trade and exploration. Their diet was supplemented by fishing, hunting, and farming in Scandinavia, and they utilized preservation methods such as smoking and salting to store food for winter. The Vikings also established trade routes that connected them to far-flung cultures, exchanging goods like furs, amber, and metalwork, while their social structures fostered cooperation and resilience in the face of challenges.

Vikings

Sherpa People of Nepal and Tibet

Sherpa people of Nepal and Tibet The Sherpa people, who inhabit the mountainous regions of Nepal and Tibet, have developed exceptional survival techniques for high-altitude living. Their expertise in mountaineering and knowledge of the Himalayas make them invaluable guides for climbers. Sherpas have adapted to thin air and extreme weather, with a diet rich in carbohydrates, primarily consisting of rice, lentils, and barley, to provide necessary energy. They build their homes from local stone and wood, designed to withstand harsh conditions while providing warmth. Their strong community ties and cultural practices, such as hospitality and cooperative labor, are essential for survival in this challenging environment.

Indigenous Australians Indigenous Australians have thrived for over 65,000 years across diverse landscapes, employing a deep understanding of the land and its resources. Their survival techniques include the use of fire for land management—known as "cultural burning"—to encourage the growth of edible plants and to drive animals into open areas for easier hunting. They also possess extensive knowledge of bush tucker, which includes a wide variety of native fruits, nuts, and animals. Water conservation techniques are also crucial, as they have developed methods to find and store water in arid regions, using natural shelters and seasonal migration patterns to adapt to the availability of resources.

Tuareg and Bedouin People of the Sahara Desert

Tuareg and Bedouin Peoples of the Sahara Desert The Tuareg and Bedouin peoples, nomadic tribes of the Sahara Desert, have mastered survival in one of the most arid environments on the planet. Their techniques include the use of camels, which are perfectly adapted to desert life, serving as vital transportation and sources of milk. They employ traditional navigation methods, using stars and landmarks to traverse vast expanses of sand. Water conservation is crucial, and they have knowledge of underground aquifers and seasonal water sources. Their clothing is designed to protect against the sun and sand, while their social structures are built around communal living, sharing resources, and maintaining strong familial ties.