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Luis Franco Saucedo

Nervous System

Your central nervous system (CNS) is part of your nervous system. It consists of your brain and spinal cord. Your CNS collects information from your sensory nerves to process and respond to them. It regulates everything your body does.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Somatic NS

Autonomic NS

Is that part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and spinal cord. It plays key role in both sending information from different areas of your body back to your brain, as well as carrying out commands from your brain to various parts of your body.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Synapse It is the chemical junction between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron.

Cell body:Each neuron has a cell body with a nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and other components.

Denditries

Axon

Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system. They receive and transmit signals to different parts of the body. This is carried out in both physical and electrical forms. There are several different types of neurons that facilitate the transmission of information.

Neurons

Types of Neuron

Neurontrassmiters

Neurotransmitters are your body’s chemical messengers. They carry messages from one nerve cell across a space to the next nerve, muscle or gland cell. These messages help you move your limbs, feel sensations, keep your heart beating, and take in and respond to all information your body receives from other internal parts of your body and your environment.

• Chemical synapses are much more prevalent. Neurotransmitters are responsible for the transfer of nerve signals through chemical synapses.
• The synaptic cleft is a fluid-filled gap between the two neurons. A nerve impulse cannot travel from one neuron to the next.
• Synaptic vesicles from the terminal of the presynaptic neuron produce neurotransmitters at the synaptic cleft when the action potential reaches the terminals.
• Neurotransmitters bind to postsynaptic membrane receptors enabling voltage-gated channels to open, allowing ions to flow.
• The polarity of the postsynaptic membrane changes and the electric signal is transmitted across the synapse.
• Neurotransmitters could be inhibitory or excitatory. Various cells respond to the same neurotransmitter in different ways.
• The neurotransmitter is inhibitory if there is a net influx of positively charged ions within the cell, which causes the action potential to be generated. EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) is the name given to this phenomenon.
• The membrane is hyperpolarized as the membrane potential gets increasingly negative, and neurotransmitter action becomes inhibitory. They produce IPSP or inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
• Once connected to the receptor, neurotransmitters are either worked on by enzymes or transferred back and recycled to end the signal after it has been transmitted forward.

Chemical Synapses

Central nervous system (CNS). (n.d.). Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved September 4, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/central-nervous-system-cnsChemical synapse. (2022, June 22). BYJUS; BYJU’S. https://byjus.com/chemistry/chemical-synapse/Neurotransmitters. (n.d.). Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved September 9, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22513-neurotransmittersWhat is a neuron? - definition, structure, parts and function. (2019, December 11). BYJUS; BYJU’S. https://byjus.com/biology/neurons/

References

Is a subdivision of your peripheral nervous system that stretches throughout nearly every part of your body. The nerves in this system deliver information from your senses to your brain. They also carry commands from your brain to your muscles so you can move around.

Is a part of your overall nervous system that controls the automatic functions of your body that you need to survive. These are processes you don’t think about and that your brain manages while you’re awake or asleep.Parasympathetic nervous system: This part of your autonomic nervous system does the opposite of your sympathetic nervous system. This system is responsible for the “rest-and-digest” body processes.Sympathetic nervous system: This system activates body processes that help you in times of need, especially times of stress or danger. This system is responsible for your body’s “fight-or-flight” response.

InterneuronsThey are multipolar in structure. Their axons connect only to the nearby sensory and motor neurons. They help in passing signals between two neurons.

Motor NeuronsThese are multipolar and are located in the central nervous system extending their axons outside the central nervous system. This is the most common type of neuron and transmits information from the brain to the muscles of the body.

Sensory NeuronsThe sensory neurons convert signals from the external environment into corresponding internal stimuli. The sensory inputs activate the sensory neurons and carry sensory information to the brain and spinal cord. They are pseudounipolar in structure.

Axon is a tube-like structure that carries electrical impulse from the cell body to the axon terminals that pass the impulse to another neuron.

Axon

These are branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons and allow the transmission of messages to the cell body.

Denditries