López Carlos. methods in language teaching.

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main methods in language teaching

López López Carlos

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Amazing

At one time it was called the Classical Method since it was first used in the teaching of the classical languages, Latin and Greek.

1 What are the goals of teachers who use the Grammar-Translation Method? 2 What is the role of the teacher? What is the role of the students? 3 What are some characteristics of the teaching/learning process?4 What is the nature of student–teacher interaction? What is the nature of student–student interaction?5 How are the feelings of the students dealt with?Among others.

The translation Method

The principles of the Grammar-Translation Method are organized below by answering some questions:

Some principles of The Silent Way

Language learners are intelligent and bring with them the experience of already learning a language. The teacher should give only what help is necessary.

The teacher should start with something the students already know and build from that to the unknown. Languages share a number of features, sounds being the most basic.

The Silent Way

One of the basic principles of the Silent Way is that Teaching should be subordinated to learning.’ In other words. To teach means to serve the learning process rather than to dominate it.

An Task-based Language Teaching is another example of the ‘strong version’ of the communicative approach, where language is acquired through use. In other words, students acquire the language they need when they need it in order to accomplish the task that has been set before them

Task-based Language Teaching

An example of a task in a task-based syllabus is for students to plan an itinerary for a trip. Students work in small groups with a train schedule. They are given certain destinations to include, and they have to decide on the most direct route to travel by train the one that will take the least amount of travel time.

There may be aspects of CLT that you find appealing: Authentic Materials, scrambled sentences,language games, picture strip story, and role play.

Applying the theoretical perspective of the Communicative Approach, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) aims broadly to make communicative competence the goal of language teaching. What this looks like in the classroom may depend on how the principles are interpreted and applied.

Communicative Language Teaching

Community Language Learning

Whole-person learning means that teachers consider not only their students’ intellect, but they also have some understanding of the relationship among students’ feelings, physical reactions, instinctive protective reactions, and desire to learn. The Community Language Learning Method takes its principles from the more general Counseling-Learning approach developed by Charles A. Curran.Curran studied adult learning for many years. He found that adults often feel threatened by a new learning situation. They are threatened by the change inherent in learning and by the fear that they will appear foolish. Curran believed that a way to deal with the fears of students is for teachers to become language counselors.

Direct Method

The Direct Method has one very basic rule: No translation is allowed. In fact, the Direct Method receives its name from the fact that meaning is to be conveyed directly in the target language through the use of demonstration and visual aids, with no recourse to the students’ native language.

The teacher should recognize that learners bring certain psychological barriers with them to the learning situation. She should attempt to ‘desuggest’ these.

Learning is facilitated in a cheerful environment.A student can learn from what is present in the environment, even if his attention is not directed to it.If the students trust and respect the teacher’s authority, they will accept and retain information better.

Desuggestopedia

Let us now see for ourselves how the principles of Desuggestopedia are applied to language teaching.

Teachers want their students to be able to use the target language communicatively. In order to do this, they believe students need to overlearn the target language, to learn to use it automatically without stopping to think.

The Audio-lingual Method

The Audio-Lingual Method, like the Direct Method we have just examined, is also an oral-based approach. However, it is very different, in that rather than emphasizing vocabulary acquisition through exposure to its use in situations, the Audio-Lingual Method drills students in the use of grammatical sentence patterns. Also, unlike the Direct Method, it has a strong theoretical base in linguistics and psychology.

the teacher is the director of all student behavior. The students are imitators of her nonverbal model. At some point (usually after 10–20 hours of instruction), some students will be ‘ready to speak.’ At that point, there will be a role reversal with individual students directing the teacher and the other students.

James Asher’s Total Physical Response (TPR), is the one we will examine in detail here in order to see how the principles of the Comprehension Approach are put into practice.

Total physical Response

It is expected that students will make errors when they first begin speaking. Teachers should be tolerant of them and only correct major errors. Even these should be corrected unobtrusively.

The teacher needs to set clear learning objectives for both content and language. The teacher then creates activities to teach both, scaffolding the language needed for study of the content. The students’ role is to engage actively with both content and language, using each to learn the other.

Content-based Instruction

The special contribution of content-based instruction (CBI)1 is that it is not exclusively a language program, but instead it integrates the learning of language with the learning of some other content. The content can be themes, i.e. some topic such as popular music or sports in which students are interested. Often, the content is academic subject matter

Which method did you find the most interesting and why?

I consider that the most interesting teaching-learning method I read was community language learning because I know that humans need interaction and motivation to learn something new.I think that we learn new topics as long as we are interested in learning. Additionally, I support the idea that students comment on their interests so that we can adapt our classes based on their comments.

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References

Larsen- Freeman, D. and Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques & principles in language teaching. New York: OXFORD. Retrieved from: https://acasearch.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/techniques-in-language-teaching.pdf

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¿Tienes una idea?

Con las plantillas de Genially podrás incluir recursos visuales para dejar a tu audiencia con la boca abierta. También destacar alguna frase o dato concreto que se quede grabado a fuego en la memoria de tu público e incluso embeber contenido externo que sorprenda: vídeos, fotos, audios... ¡Lo que tú quieras!