Learning Theories Part 2
Kim
Created on September 1, 2024
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Transcript
Learning Theories
Sociocultural Learning Theory
Adult Learning Theory
Connectivism
References
McLeod, 2024
McLeod, S. (2024). Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html
Utecht & Keller, 2019
Utecht, J., Keller, D., (2019). Becoming relevant again: Applying connectivism learning theory to today’s classrooms. Critical Questions in Education 10(2), 107-119.
Livingston & Cummings-Cay, 2023
Livingston, M., Cummings-Cay, D. (2023). Advancing adult learning using andragogic instructional practices. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Education 8(1), 29-53.
Primary Theorist
How Learning Occurs & Types of Learning
Key Characteristics
The Role of Memory
Primary Theorist
Key Characteristics
How Learning Occurs & Types of Learning
The Role of Memory
Primary Theorist
Key Characteristics
How Learning Occurs & Types of Learning
The Role of Memory
George Siemens(Utecht & Keller, 2019)
ConnectivismPrimary Theorist
- Self-Concept: Adults are self-directed.
- Adult Learner Experience: An adult's bank of knowledge is a resource they can refer to when learning.
- Readiness to Learn: An adult's readiness to learn is connected to their role in the world.
- Orientation to Learning: A person's perspective changes as they get older. Adult learners focus more on solving problems.
- Motivation to Learn: Adult learners have internal motivation and set their own goals.
Adult Learning TheoryFive Characteristics of Adult LearnersFrom Livingston & Cummings-Cay (2023)
Adult Learning TheoryPrimary Theorist
Malcolm Knowles(Livingston & Cummings-Cay, 2023)
- Social and cultural factors strongly influence learning (McLeod, 2024).
- Community is an important part of learning (McLeod, 2024).
- Collaboration, cooperation, and scaffolding are encouraged (McLeod, 2024).
- The More Knowledgable Other (MKO) is the teacher (McLeod, 2024).
Sociocultural Learning TheoryKey Characteristics
Adult learners have life experiences to draw upon when learning (Livingston & Cummings-Cay, 2023). They are able to build upon their experiences and prior knowledge. (Livingston & Cummings-Cay, 2023).
Adult Learning TheoryThe Role of Memory
- Learning and and knowledge rests in diversity of opinions.
- Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources.
- Learning may reside in non-human appliances.
- Capacity to know more is more critical than what is currently known.
- Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed to facilitate continual learning.
- Ability to see connections between fields, ideas, and concepts is a core skill.
- Currency (accurate, up-to-date knowledge) is the intent of all connectivist learning activities.
- Decision making is itself a learning process. Choosing what to learn and the meaning of incoming information is seen through the lens of a shifting reality. While there is a right answer now, it may be wrong tomorrow due to alterations in the information climate affecting the decision.
Eight Principles of ConnectivismQuoted from Utecht & Keller (2019)
- Information is remembered when it is internalized (McLeod, 2024). This occurs when external information and learning activities become rooted in the brain's internal cognitive functions (McLeod, 2024).
- Memory is strengthened through social interactions with a More Knowledgable Other and scaffolds that ensure learning is taking place in the Zone of Proximal Development (McLeod, 2024).
Sociocultural Learning TheoryThe Role of Memory
The focus is not on a student's ability to merely remember and recall information (Utecht & Keller, 2019). Students must be able to take in new information and use it to build on their remembered knowledge, make connections, and apply what they have learned. (Utecht & Keller, 2019).
ConnectivismThe Role of Memory
ConnectivismHow Learning Occurs & Types of Learning
- Learning occurs when students discover new information (Utecht & Keller, 2019).
- Unlearning occurs when prior knowledge is challenged by new information and disregarded (Utecht & Keller, 2019)
- Relearning occurs when a new point of view replaces an old one (Utecht & Keller, 2019)
- Students learn literacy and research skills so they are able to understand information from digitial sources, build on prior knowledge, form connections between information, and apply what they have learned.
- Learning occurs when adults develop their own learning goals and are active participants in learning (Livingston & Cummings-Cay, 2023). New knowledge is connected to prior experiences (Livingston & Cummings-Cay, 2023).
- Adult learning theory supports higher order thinking, problem solving, and professional development (Livingston & Cummings-Cay, 2023).
Adult Learning TheoryHow Learning Occurs & Types of Learning
Sociocultural Learning TheoryPrimary TheoristLev Vygotsky(McLeod, 2024)
- Learning occurs in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) (McLeod, 2024). Skills in the ZPD are the skills just beyond what a student can demonstrate independently (McLeod 2024). Instruction in this area pushes a student's development forward without creating undue frustration.
- Sociocultural teaching strategies are student-centered (McLeod, 2024). The teacher interacts with the student to support them in constructing meaning (McLeod, 2024).
- Sociocultural strategies support collaborative learning activities (McLeod, 2024)
Sociocultural Learning TheoryHow Learning Occurs & Types of Learning