Timeline

Timeline

GRUP 316MEGAN ELENA MONTOYA DIAZ #23FRIDA SOFIA PUENTE HERNÁNDEZ #30ANA PAOLA QUINTANA GARCIA #32HUGO ANDRES REYES GONZALES #35BITIA NAYELI URESTI PONCE #45

THE NATURE OF LIFESTATE 1

Single-celled eukaryotic organisms, such as protists, evolved and diversified.

Evolution of Single-celled eukaryotic organisms (approximately 1.6 billion years ago)

Eukaryotic cells, which have nuclei and organelles, were formed through a process of endosymbiosis, where one primitive cell incorporated other prokaryotic cells.

Origin of eukaryotic cells (approximately 1.8 to 2.1 billion years ago)

Significant increase in oxygen in the atmosphere, which led to the formation of the ozone layer and allowed for the evolution of more complex life forms.

Great Oxidation (approximately 2.4 billion years ago)

Cyanobacteria developed the ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis, producing oxygen and contributing to the formation of the oxygen-rich atmosphere.

Oxygenic photosynthesis (approximately 2.5 billion years ago)

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria and archaea, began to dominate life on Earth.

Evolution of the first prokaryotic cells (about 3.5 billion years ago)

The earliest forms of life, possibly bacteria-like microorganisms, arose in the early oceans.

Origin of life (about 3.8 to 4.0 billion years ago)

Earth formed from the residual matter of the forming solar system.

Earth formation (about 4.5 billion years ago)

The universe originated in a huge explosion, creating space, time, and basic elements such as hydrogen and helium.

Big Bang (approximately 13.8 billion years ago):

Timeline

Beginning of Multicellularity (approximately 1.2 billion years ago)

The first simple multicellular organisms appeared, such as red algae and some primitive sponges.

Diversification of multicellular organisms (approximately 600-800 million years ago)

A great explosion of multicellular life occurred, with the appearance of various groups of complex organisms, marking the beginning of the Ediacaran fauna and preparing the ground for the Cambrian explosion.

Bibliographic references

https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-conceptos-biologia/section/5.5/primary/lesson/evoluci%C3%B3n-de-las-eucariotas/

https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-conceptos-biologia/section/2.11/primary/lesson/organizaci%C3%B3n-de-las-c%C3%A9lulas/

https://hipertextual.com/2016/09/la-gran-oxidacion

https://microbiologia.net/microbiologia/fotosintesis-oxigenica-anoxigenica/#fotosintesis-oxigenica

https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/how-did-multicellular-life-evolve/#:~:text=The%20first%20known%20single%2Dcelled,about%20600%20million%20years%20ago

https://hipertextual.com/2016/09/la-gran-oxidacion

https://sunyorange.edu/biology/resources/library/prehistoric-life/prokaryotes.html#:~:text=The%20first%20fossils%20of%20prokaryotic,1987%3B%20Beukes%2C%202004).

Most galaxies are between 10 billion and 13.6 billion years old. Our universe is about 13.8 billion years old, so most galaxies formed when the universe was quite young!Astronomers believe that our own Milky Way galaxy is approximately 13.6 billion years old. The newest galaxy we know of formed only about 500 million years ago.

The theory of the primitive atmosphere is one of the most accepted but is still too controversial. It was proposed by Oparin since he said that on Earth billions of years ago the atmosphere was very violent, that it did not have an ozone layer and the tides. The tornadoes and huge earthquakes were very high, as well as the sun's rays were deadly and the volcanoes were constantly erupting, releasing methane, ammonia and carbon dioxide. It was undoubtedly a very hostile environment in which it would be believed impossible to create life, but they still put it to the test. The physicist biologists Urey and Miller created a container that consisted of a square-shaped cylinder in which they adapted all those conditions and as time went by, the result of these containers was the creation of amino acids and nucleic acids; Amino acids are essential to create proteins and nucleic acid is the main one to create DNA and these are the 2 most essential to create life and if we leave this over time it is not strange to think that DNA or RNA could be created What is half a body of DNA and if that was created everything else is practically history since with genetic information life is created and with the passage of time we are what we are speaking for all living beings

Oxygen is generated. It is typical of plants, algae, and an important group of bacteria: cyanobacteria.In this type of photosynthesis, the source of reducing power is water: through photolysis of water, a waste product for plants, O2, is released. Both ATP and NADPH are obtained in the presence of light.approximately 2.5 billion years ago: Cyanobacteria developed the ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis, producing oxygen and contributing to the formation of the oxygen-rich atmosphere.

The Great Oxidation or Oxygen Catastrophe occurred around 2.5 billion years ago, that is, in the early stages of the Earth's formation. This great global event was due precisely to the oxygenic photosynthesis developed by the so-called cyanobacteria. With the emergence of these organisms, molecular oxygen began to be produced in quantities that had never existed on Earth before. Defining exactly when the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis took place is still a matter of debate among the scientific community, but for now, it is quite useful to understand this event as it is essential for what happened thereafter.The Great Oxidation or Oxygen Catastrophe occurred around 2.5 billion years ago, that is, in the early stages of the Earth's formation. This great global event was due precisely to the oxygenic photosynthesis developed by the so-called cyanobacteria. With the emergence of these organisms, molecular oxygen began to be produced in quantities that had never existed on Earth before. Defining exactly when the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis took place is still a matter of debate among the scientific community, but for now, it is quite useful to understand this event as it is essential for what happened thereafter.The Great Oxidation or Oxygen Catastrophe occurred around 2.5 billion years ago, that is, in the early stages of the Earth's formation. This great global event was due precisely to the oxygenic photosynthesis developed by the so-called cyanobacteria. With the emergence of these organisms, molecular oxygen began to be produced in quantities that had never existed on Earth before. Defining exactly when the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis took place is still a matter of debate among the scientific community, but for now, it is quite useful to understand this event as it is essential for what happened thereafter.

The big bang is how astronomers explain the way the universe began. It is the idea that the universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now—and it is still stretching!In 1927, an astronomer named Georges Lemaître had a big idea. He said that a very long time ago, the universe started as just a single point. He said the universe stretched and expanded to get as big as it is now, and that it could keep on stretching.The universe is a very big place, and it’s been around for a very long time. Thinking about how it all started is hard to imagine.Just two years later, an astronomer named Edwin Hubble noticed that other galaxies were moving away from us. And that’s not all. The farthest galaxies were moving faster than the ones close to us.

The first fossils of prokaryotic (bacterial) cells are known from 3.5 and 3.4 billion years ago. These bacteria were photosynthetic (although non-oxygen producing) so it is likely that simpler non-photosynthetic bacteria evolved prior to this (Schopf, 1987; Beukes, 2004).

The large and small cells formed a symbiotic relationship in which both cells benefited. Some small cells were able to eliminate the energy waste of the large cells. They supplied energy not only for themselves but also for the large cells. They became the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. Other small cells were able to use sunlight to produce food. These shared the food with the large cell. They became the chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells.Eukaryotic cells, made possible by endosymbiosis, were powerful and efficient. That power and efficiency gave them the potential to evolve new characteristics: multicellularity, cell specialization, and large size. They were the key to the spectacular diversity of animals, plants and fungi that inhabit the world today.

Multicellular organisms are organisms that are made up of more than one type of cell and have specialized cells that group together to carry out specialized functions.The simplest multicellular organisms, sponges, are made up of many specialized types of cells that work together for a common goal.The oldest known multicellular organism is the red alga Bangiomorpha pubescens, fossils that were found in a rock that is 1.2 billion years old. Since the first organisms were unicellular, these organisms had to evolve into multicellular organisms.