Early modern english

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jAVIER and Carlos

Early Modern EnglisH(C. 1500-C.1800)

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1. What was the Great Vowel Shift, and how did it affect the pronunciation of long and short vowel sounds in English?
2. What role did historical events play in the creation and acceptance of the King James Bible?
3. What were the major effects of the Great Vowel Shift on the relationship between English words and their foreign counterparts?
4. What was the period of the English renaissance?
5. approximately how many words were included from the other languages?
6. What was the age of introduction of the press in England?

Questions

Printing Press and Standardization

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THE ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

gREAT vOWEL sHIFT1

tHE BIBLE

INDEX

THE GREAT VOWEL SHIFT

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PART 1

Carlos Garcia

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Carlos Garcia

The Great Vowel Shift, which took place between the 15th and 17th centuries, was a major change in English pronunciation where long vowels were pronounced higher and more forward, while short vowels stayed largely the same, leading to the loss of pure vowel sounds and clear long-short vowel distinctions found in other European languages.

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Carlos Garcia

In Middle English, long vowels were pronounced similarly to those in Latin-derived Romance languages. For example, "sheep" sounded like "shape," and "me" like "may." Words like "mate," "out," and "house" had pronunciations quite different from today's.

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Carlos Garcia

While some spellings were updated to reflect the new pronunciations (e.g., "stone" from "stan," "rope" from "rap"), most remained unchanged. In some cases, different forms with distinct meanings persisted, like "parson" (an old pronunciation of "person").

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Carlos Garcia

The Old English consonant "X" (a voiceless velar fricative, like the "ch" in "loch") disappeared, leading to changes in place names, such as "burX" becoming "-burgh," "-borough," "-brough," or "-bury."

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Carlos Garcia

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Carlos Garcia

Voiceless fricatives in some words began to sound like "f," as in "laugh" and "cough.

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Carlos Garcia

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Carlos Garcia

Several consonants also stopped being pronounced, such as the final "b" in "dumb" and "comb," the "l" in "half," "walk," and "talk," and the initial "k" or "g" in "knee," "knight," "gnaw," and "gnat."

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the english renaissance

pART 2

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Javier Delgado

*lasted approximately from century XVI until century XVII*also known as the Elizabethan era and the age of Shakespeare*Latin, Greek and French*1600 new words and many classical works were translated into English.

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*Words were borrowed either in their original forms (such as genius, species, militia)*or in slightly altered forms (such as horrid, pathetic, complex) *Additionally, Greek-based suffixes like “-ize” and “-ism” were introduced.

*“Inkhorn Controversy”*Silent letters added to words like debt and island to reflect their Latin origins

Javier Delgado

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PART 3

Printing Press and Standardization

1. The introduction of the printing press to England by William Caxton in 1476 was a key factor in the development of Modern English.
2. Caxton's first book printed in English was “The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye”.
3. Over the next 150 years, up to 20,000 books were printed in English.
4. Early printers made decisions that had lasting effects on the language. ( “they,” “their,” and “them” / “hi,” “hir,” and “hem”)

Javier Delgado

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1. “the,” had been written as “þe” with the thorn character in Old English, was printed as “ye”. “Ye Olde Pubbe”
2. During the Early Modern period, there was an increased use of double vowels (e.g., “soon”) or a silent final “e” (e.g., “name”)
3. The virgule (/) was largely replaced by the comma, the period was restricted to the end of sentences, semicolons began to be used in addition to colons, and quotation marks.
4. Capital letters were used at the start of sentences and for proper names and important nouns.

Javier Delgado

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THE BIBLE

MISión 4

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Carlos Garcia

John Wycliffe's first English Bible translation in 1384 was shared secretly, and in 1526, William Tyndale printed and smuggled his Greek and Hebrew New Testament into England, but was executed for heresy in 1536; others continued his translation work after his death.

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Carlos Garcia

Tyndale's Bible was clearer and more poetic than Wycliffe's earlier version. Tyndale introduced new English words like fisherman, landlady, and beautiful. He also created many famous phrases later used in the King James Bible, such as "let there be light," "the apple of mine eye," "salt of the earth," and "the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak," among others.

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Carlos Garcia

The King James Bible, published in 1611 by a committee of 54 scholars, aimed to standardize English Bibles. It used outdated language and grammar, such as "digged" for "dug" and "spake" for "spoke," and retained old forms like "-eth" for verbs and "ye" for "you," despite these became less common.

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COMPLETA

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MISIÓN

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