Education Timeline

Actualidad

Analisis de ADN.

2000s

DNA IDENTIFICATION ACT

1990s

Huellas dactilares del ADN.

1980s

PCR y secuenciación del ADN.

1970s

Avances con el ADN.

1960s

Estructura del ADN.

1950s

Sistema de grupos sanguíneos ABO.

1900s

HISTORIA DE LA GENÉTICA FORENSE

1900 - Actualidad

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Education Timeline

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• 1970: se desarrolla las primeras técnicas de análisis de ADN, como la reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR), que permite amplificar pequeñas cantidades de ADN.
• 1977: Frederick Sanger desarrolla la secuenciación del ADN, permitiendo leer la secuencia exacta de nucleótidos en un fragmento de ADN. Esta técnica resulta crucial para el análisis detallado en genética forense.

PCR y secuenciación del ADN.

1970s

• 2001: se completa el proyecto del Genoma Humano, lo que mejora la precisión y la comprensión de las aplicaciones de genética forense.
• 2002: se establece la Red Nacional de Perfiles de ADN en España y se fortalecen las bases de datos de ADN en muchos otros países.
• 2004: se aprueba métodos avanzados como el análisis de ADN de sencuenciacion de nueva generación (NGS) para obtener perfiles de ADN más detallados.

2000s

Karl Landsteiner descubre el sistema de grupos sanguíneos ABO. Este hallazgo es funamental para la medicjna forense e identificación de víctimas.

Sistema de grupos sanguíneos ABO.

1900s

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• 1961: se realiza la primera demostración de la codificación genética mediante el desciframiento del código genético, que permite la traducción del ADN en proteínas.
• 1965: se desarrolla la técnica de hibridación de ácidos nucleicos, que se usa para identificar secuencias específicas de ADN. Aunque esta técnica no se aplica directamente a la genética forense en este momento, prepara el terreno para futuras aplicaciones.

1960s

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• 2024: La genealogía genética sigue avanzando, con técnicas mejoradas y una integración más amplia en la resolución de crímenes y la identificación de personas, mientras que se refuerzan las regulaciones para asegurar la privacidad y el uso ético de los datos genéticos.

Actualidad

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• 1984: Sir Alec Jeffreys desarrolla la técnica de "huellas dactilares de ADN" (análisis de variaciones en el ADN entre individuos) en el Reino Unido. Esta técnica utiliza la variabilidad en las regiones del ADN para distinguir entre individuos, lo que revoluciona la genética forense.
• 1985: Jeffreys utiliza por primera vez el análisis de huellas genéticas en un caso criminal en el Reino Unido para resolver un caso.

HUELLAS DACTILARES DE ADN

1980s

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• 1950: Erwin Chargaff descubre que la proporción de Adenina es igual a la de timina y la de citosina igual a la de guanina en el ADN, lo que proporciona información crucial para entender la estructura del ADN.
• 1953: Rosalind Franklin, Watson y Crick, describen la estructura de la doble hélice del ADN. Este descubrimiento marca el inicio de la biología molecular y establece la base para el análisis de ADN.

1950s

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1990s

• 1992: el FBI en EE.UU. establece el laboratorio nacional de genética forense para manejar y analizar pruebas de ADN en investigaciones criminales.
• 1994: se aprueba en EE.UU. el "DNA identification Act," que establece el Banco Nacional de Datos de ADN (CODIS), permite el almacenamiento y comparación de perfiles de ADN a nivel nacional y se convierte en una herramienta fundamental en la resolución de crímenes.
• 1996: se desarrolla el primer estándar internacional para la comparación de perfiles de ADN en el ámbito forense, el STR (Short Tandem Repeat). Las regiones STR del ADN son altamente variables entre individuos y se utilizan ampliamente en la genética forense para la identificación personal.

DNA IDENTIFICATION ACT