Week 11

Snakes and Ladders

Touch the dice!

Instructions

Square 2

Which ions released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum are key to initiate the attractive forces between the actin and myosin, generating the contraction?

(i) Sodium ions.

(ii) Potassium ions.

(iii) Calcium ions.

(iv) Chloride ions.

Square 6

Name ONE natural polymer, ONE synthetic polymer, ONE hydrogel, ONE bioceramic and ONE metal used in tissue engineering.

Square 9

How many layers do the veins have?

(i) 1

(ii) 2

(iii) 3

(iv) 4

Square 12

Botulism is a paralytic disease caused by botulinum toxin. How this toxin acts?

(i) Acts directly on the neuromuscular junction. (ii) Inhibit the release of acetylcholine. (iii) Both (i) and (ii) are correct. (iv) Generate an excess of Ca2+ that enters the muscle cells.

Square 12

Square 15

The cells that make up the central nervous system are arranged in such a way that they give rise to two very characteristic formations: The grey matter and the white matter. What constitute the grey matter?

(i) The dendrites and axons.(ii) The nerve extensions. (iii) The neural bodies. (iv) Both (i) and (ii) are correct.

Square 18

Which of the following sentences is correct?

(i) Blood tissue is connective tissue.(ii) The number of cells in the epithelial tissue is limited and the cells are not close each other. (iii) Connective tissue has a high regeneration capacity. (iv) Musculoskeletal tissue is a smooth muscle tissue.

Square 21

Draw the non-linear stress-strain curve characteristic of soft tissue with the names of the THREE regions.

Square 24

How much is the Tilda volume?

(i) 0.5 litres. (ii) 1 litre. (iii) 2.5 litres (iv) 5 litres.

Square 27

Identify the four cardiac valves (labelled A, B, C, and D)

Square 30

According to its movement, what is the name of the knee joint?

(i) Synarthrosis.(ii) Amphiarthrosis. (iii) Diarthrosis. (iv) Both (i) and (iii) are correct.

Square 34

Explain why ethics and EDI (equality, diversity and inclusion) are important in motion capture and musculoskeletal models.

Square 37

Our blood vessels are lined with muscles that allow for automatic dilation and constriction based on environmental situations. What kind of muscle tissue lines the blood vessels?

(i) Smooth muscle tissue. (ii) Musculoskeletal tissue. (iii) Cardiac tissue. (iv) Both (i) and (iii) are correct.

Square 41

Which tissue type is avascular and receives nutrients by diffusion from nearby capillaries?

(i) Bone tissue(ii) Cartilage (iii) Adipose tissue (iv) Skeletal muscle

Square 43

How does the atheroma plaque affect the flow rate and the resistance of the aorta if the pressure gradient remains the same?

Square 45

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of soft tissues?

(i) Heterogeneous(ii) Linear elastic behaviour (iii) Viscoelastic (iv) Anisotropic

Square 47

Cortical bone exhibits different mechanical properties than the trabecular bone. Which of the following is correct?

(i) Cortical bone exhibits lower Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength than trabecular bone.(ii) Cortical bone exhibits higher Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength than trabecular bone. (iii) Cortical bone exhibits higher Young’s modulus but lower ultimate tensile strength than trabecular bone. (iv) Cortical bone exhibits lower Young’s modulus but higher ultimate tensile strength than trabecular bone

Square 48

Which manufacturing technique best mimics the fibrous structure of the extracellular matrix?

(i) Gas foaming(ii) Solvent casting (iii) Electrospinning (iv) Freeze-drying

Square 50

Draw a sketch with afferent and efferent pathways in the peripheric nervous system and explain both pathways.

Square 52

Discuss how changes in lung volume and pressure facilitate breathing.

Square 34

Explain why ethics and EDI (equality, diversity and inclusion) are important in motion capture and musculoskeletal models.

00:10

Squared 55

Square 37

Our blood vessels are lined with muscles that allow for automatic dilation and constriction based on environmental situations. What kind of muscle tissue lines the blood vessels?

(i) Smooth muscle tissue. (ii) Musculoskeletal tissue. (iii) Cardiac tissue. (iv) Both (i) and (iii) are correct.

LADDERS

SNAKES

INSTRUCTIONS

The players start with a token—representing each of them—on the starting square and take turns rolling the die. The tokens move according to the board's numbering, in ascending order. If, after a move, a player lands on a square where a ladder begins, they climb it to the square where it ends. Conversely, if they land on a square where a snake's tail begins, they slide down to the square where the snake's head ends. If a player rolls a 6, they can move twice in a single turn. If a player rolls three consecutive 6s, they must return to the starting square and cannot move their token until they roll another 6. The player who reaches the final square is the winner. There is a variation in which a player, when six or fewer squares away from the end, must roll exactly the number needed to reach the final square. If the number rolled exceeds the remaining squares, the player cannot move.

NOTE:

If the player lands on a square with an "i," they must answer the question correctly; otherwise, they must move back to the previous square! THE OTHER PLAYERS MUST CHECK THE ANSWERS (use the lectures in Moodle if you need it).

If the player lands at the foot of a ladder, they climb up to the higher square where the ladder ends.

If the player lands on a square where a snake's tail begins, they slide down to a lower square where the head is located.

SNAKES

LADDERS

Square 18

Which of the following sentences is correct?

(i) Blood tissue is connective tissue.(ii) The number of cells in the epithelial tissue is limited and the cells are not close each other. (iii) Connective tissue has a high regeneration capacity. (iv) Musculoskeletal tissue is a smooth muscle tissue.

Square 12

Botulism is a paralytic disease caused by botulinum toxin. How this toxin acts?

(i) Acts directly on the neuromuscular junction. (ii) Inhibit the release of acetylcholine. (iii) Both (i) and (ii) are correct. (iv) Generate an excess of Ca2+ that enters the muscle cells.

Square 15

The cells that make up the central nervous system are arranged in such a way that they give rise to two very characteristic formations: The grey matter and the white matter. What constitute the grey matter?

(i) The dendrites and axons.(ii) The nerve extensions. (iii) The neural bodies. (iv) Both (i) and (ii) are correct.

Square 41

Which tissue type is avascular and receives nutrients by diffusion from nearby capillaries?

(i) Bone tissue(ii) Cartilage (iii) Adipose tissue (iv) Skeletal muscle

Square 45

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of soft tissues?

(i) Heterogeneous(ii) Linear elastic behaviour (iii) Viscoelastic (iv) Anisotropic

Square 48

Which manufacturing technique best mimics the fibrous structure of the extracellular matrix?

(i) Gas foaming(ii) Solvent casting (iii) Electrospinning (iv) Freeze-drying