Learning Theories Concept Map

Behaviorism

Cognitivism

Best asscociated with the following types of learning:

Memory: Focuses on short term and long term memory. Learning has to do with how people store and retrieve knowledge within their memoryLearning: In this theory, learning happens in stages of development and through sensory input rather than stimulus-response (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

1. Signal Learning2. Stimulus-Response3. Motor Chains4. Verbal Association5. Multiple discriminations6. Concepts7. Rules8. Problem Solving

Memory: Behavior that is reinforced with positive reward will be repeated. Behavior that is punished will decrease. Learning: Learning occurs depending on the operant condition. Satisfying state of affairs strengthen connection while annoying state of affairs weaken connection (Thorndike, E.L., 1927)

Main characteristics focus on conditioning behavior and altering the environment to elicit selected responses from the learner. Behaviorism dominated much of 20th century psychology (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017).

Main characteristics include study on how memory is stored and retrieved. Believes that there are stages of development and that the environment has an affect on this (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017).

Thorndike was one of the first Americans to test the learning process experimentally and is considered the founder of behavioral psychology(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Best asscociated with the following types of learning:

Edward Thorndike (1874–1949)

1. Self-regulated learning2. Encoding(Michela, E., 2022)

Learning Theories

Piaget described cognitive development in terms of stages from birth to maturity.1. Sensorimotor2. Preoperational3. Concrete Operations4. Formal Operations(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

Best asscociated with the following types of learning:

1. Discovery Learning2. Intuitive Thinking3. Critical Thinking4. Creative Thinking

Constructivism

Main characteristics include study on how memory is stored and retrieved. Believes that there are stages of development and that the environment has an affect on this (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017).

Memory: Constructivism does not deal directly with memory instead it focuses on how learners are able to remember information if its more personally meaningfulLearning: Learning happens when learners are aware of how they structure information and make it more personal (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and John Dewey(1859-1952)

In contrast to traditional classrooms, Dewey thought that schools and classrooms should be representative of real life situations, allowing children to participate in learning activities interchangeably and flexibly in a variety of social settings (Williams, K.M., 2017