Decades Presentation

Reference: Own elaboration based on Costero, C. (2013). “Seminario de Africa y Medio Oriente”. El Colegio de San Luis a.c.;Yuhas, A. 06/04/2019. “100 Killed in Sudan and Dozens of Bodies Are Pulled From Nile, Opposition Says”. The New York Times. Retrieved September 9th 2019 from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/world/africa/sudan-war-facts-history.html?ref=nyt-es&mcid=nyt-es&subid=article

CONFLICT

Ethnic, territorial and religious conflict

SUDAN

Religions and ethnicities

Fast Facts

UNDERDEVELOPED CHRISTIANSChristians (religion), African (ethnicity)Farmers

CHRISTIANS

South

North

Modernized Muslim region Muslim (religion), Arab (ethnicity) Camels

ISLAM

Darfur

Background

1955

1989

• 1989 Omar Al-Bashir part of the National Islamic Front made a coup d’etat and started a jihadi war against South Sudanese rebels.
• Implemented the Sharia Law (Islamic Law)

Omar Al-Bashir

ETHNIC

Conflict

Since Al-Bashir took power, he started an ethnic cleansing against the South Sudanese people and Darfur (Christian and African) with the help of the Janjaweed (Islamist soldiers)

2005

• International Pressure against Al-Bashir to stop his war;
• Comprehensive Peace Agreement between North and South

2005

2011

Referendum

South Sudan's Independence

2011

CONFLICTS

WHAT HAPPENED IN SUDAN AFTER THE INDEPENDENCE OF SOUTH SUDAN?

2011-TODAY

Resources

nATURAL RESOUCES

• ECONOMIC CRISIS IN THE NORTH: RESOURCES IN THE SOUTH
• CONFLICT STILL GOING ON

Refugee crisisGenocide?

Darfur

2011-2017

• Reinforcement of the militia $
• Illegal weapon trade in the North of Africa and the Middle East
• He didn't care about the population just the militia

OMAR AL-BASHIR

2011

2018-TODAY

2018

SUDAN

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS VS. GOVERNMENTS

Arab Spring

1989-2018

• Economic Crisis
• Corruption
• Al Bashir in power for 30 years
• Since 1989 the International Criminal Court has tried to arrest him for Darfur's atrocities

AL Bashir's government

2018

• Young Protesters against Al Bahir's dictatorship
• Objective: Democracy
• Coup d'etat - Militars

Protests

2019

• Al Bashir in prison for two years (?)
• Two military groups AND civilians wanted the government...
• Rapid Support Forces (RSF), Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Civilians
• Power-sharing deal to led government until the next elections (2023)

New Government

2019

2021-Today

• RSF: Coup d'etat against the shared government
• Civil War
• International Pressure (US, GB) to share the government again and have elections in 2023
• Neither RSF nor SAF followed the Agreement

• RSF and SAF are still fighting to control the government :(

Civil War

2021