LIFE VISION B2+ 1r BAT Unit 6 The passive and the causative

ENGLISH 1st BAT Unit 6 The passive and the causative

1st BAT Teacher: Ángela Sotillos

The passive and causative

Active and passive forms

The passive with two objects

Impersonal & Infinitive forms

The passive: advanced forms

The causative

01. active and passive form

Use:

Structure:

• when we focus on the action itself and not who/what does the action

• in more formal or scientific writing.

01. active and passive form

When to omitt the agent:

• When the agent is unknown

My bag has been taken (by someone)

• When the agent is very obvious, or not important

The thief was arrested (by the police)

01. active and passive form: tenses

02. the passive with two objects

Other EXAMPLE: Active: I cooked my friends a lasagna I cooked a lasagna for my friends Passive: My friends were cooked a lasagna A lasagna was cooked for my friends

03. impersonal & infinitive forms

Reporting verbs: Believe, think, report, rumour, claim, announce, say, suggest, agree, understand, expect and many others.

Structure 1:

It is/was + passive reporting verb+ that + clause

• They believe that the thief got away
• It is believed that the thief got away

• They claimed that the suspects were guilty
• It is/was claimed that the suspects were guilty

• They announced that temperatures will rise
• It is/was announced that temperatures will rise

03. impersonal & infinitive forms

Reporting verbs: Believe, think, report, rumour, claim, announce, say, suggest, agree, understand, expect and many others.

1. infinitive
2. be + V-ing
3. have + past participle
4. +V-ing

Structure 2:

SUBJECT + IS/WAS + REPORTING VERB + TO +

Examples:

1. He is/was thought to be a fugitive
2. John is/was thought to be working at a big company
3. Stephane and Louise are/were believed to have had their first child
4. This natural medicine is/was believed to healing people

04. The passive: advanced forms

05. the causative

We use have/get + object + past participle when we want to talk about something that someone else does for us, usually because we pay them, or because we persuade or ask them to do it.Compare:

• We clean the house every Friday. (=we clean it ourselves)

• We have the house cleaned every Friday. (=someone else cleans it for us)

Different tenses:

• I‘m going to have my hair cut tomorrow.
• She‘s having her house redecorated.
• I‘ve had the oil in my car changed.
• She had her hair cut yesterday.

Negative experiences: We can also use have something done with a passive meaning when something bad happens to us.

• He had his wallet stolen in Piccadilly. (=his wallet was stolen)
• They had their house destroyed by the fire.

Have (more formal) Get (informal)

Examples: 1. It is/was thought that he is/was a fugitiveHe is/was thought to be a fugitive 2. It is/was thought that John is/was working at a big company John is/was thought to be working at a big company 3. It is/was believed that Stephane and Louise have had/had had their first child Stephane and Louise are/were believed to have had/had had their first child 4. It is/was believed that this natural medicine healed people This natural medicine is/was believed to healing people