Norway Presentation 2026

Norway

START

DHBW KarlsRuhe - Seminar Intercultural Communication

Introduction

Hello, I am Norgea, a troll from Norway. I will be leading you through this learning module. Here you can learn about my country, its economy and culture. This can help prepare you for working in Norway or for working with Norwegian people. Have fun!

Navigation

Below are the icons you will find throughout this learning module. Hover over them to see what their purpose is.

The arrows on the left and right side lead to the next/previous slide.

In the bottom corner you can (un-)mute the sound and to get to the overview of all pages.

This icon highlights interactive elements on the slide when you click it.

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INDEX

Basic Facts

Economy

Culture

To start with, we look at the basic facts, whether it's the population and flag or the climate and politics - there's something for everyone. So you can learn the basics and even a bit more if you want.

Basic Facts

Basic Facts

Economy

Culture

INDEX

Summer sun in Norway

Video - Germany vs Norway

General information

Winter sun in Norway

Northern Lights

Norwegian flag

Inhabitants

Timeline

Politics

Area and regions

School system

Sightseeing

The language of Norway

Climate

• short video giving an overview of basic facts
• some data might be outdated (such as population)
• current and more detailed data can be found on the following slides

Comparison Germany - Norway

Here is a short video for a quick overview of basic facts. Some data might be outdated, so more up-to-date info can be found on the following slides.

general information

Let us start with a quiz about the general information about Norway. Let's see how much you know already.

Let's see if you know the answer to this question.

Try to find the capital of Norway.Good luck!

Do you know the size of Norway's area? Take a guess!

Which countries share a border with Norway?

The norwegian flag

Here you can put together the Norwegian flag by sliding the puzzle pieces into place. If you want to see the solution and some information, just click on the button next to me.

inhabitants

2025

Here you can see the population development of Norway. There has been steady growth in recent decades. Norway currently has 5.62 million inhabitants.

inhabitants

Rogaland

Akershus

The population distribution in Norway shows that most people live along the coastal areas, especially in the southern and western regions of the country. Here you can find an overview of the most populated regions in Norway. If you don't know where in Norway the regions are, click on the map in the top corner!

Trøndelag

Hordaland

Oslo

Regions in Norway

5 Main Regions

• Northern Norway (blue)

• Trøndelag (green)
• Western Norway (red)
• Eastern Norway (yellow)
• Southern Norway (orange)

Area Comparison

Click on the picture to open the country comparison tool. The tool lets you compare the area of Norway and Germany and other countries. This tool is very interesting as it also takes into account the distortion of projecting a sphere onto a flat map.

biggest cities

Bergen

Oslo

Trondheim

Try to put the pins on the right place on the map. If you want the solution and some information, click on the button below.

Norwegian Cities in 10.000 STeps

Bergen

Tromsø

Oslo

Trondheim

Stavanger

Here you will find short videos about various cities in Norway. Watch the trailer video on the left, or select any of the cities using the buttons above. The videos last 3 to 4 minutes.

Sightseeing

Now have a look at the climate. Click on the video to get a little insight into the winter in Norway.

climate

Let's have a look at the temperature in Norway!

climate - Average temperature

Average temperature

The tables on the left show the average temperature and rainfall in Norway's largest cities.

Average rainfall

The Sun in Norway

Bodø

In the northern part of Norway, from around the town of Bodø, the so-called midnight sun is visible from the beginning of June to the end of July. This means that the sun shines for 24 hours at this time.Watch the video to see the midnight sun and find out more.

The SUn in norway

Tromsø

To the North of the Arctic Circle, there is the polar night where the sun does not rise for several weeks to months in the winter. In Tromsø, the polar night lasts from around November 27th to January 15th.

Comparison - Sun in Tromsø

Tromsø

Here you can see a comparison of the daily sunshine in Tromsø in summer and winter. Just watch the short video!

northern lights

In old Norse legends, the Northern Lights were believed to be reflections from the armour of divine warriors. Today we know that the Northern Lights are caused by charged particles released during solar activity. These particles travel through space and are pulled toward Earth's poles by its magnetic field. When these particles collide with gases in the upper atmosphere, beautiful lights appear in the sky.The best places to observe the Northern Lights are in the aurora zone, an oval-shaped ring around the North Pole between about 60° and 70° north latitude.

northern lights

What do you think? When can you observe the Northern Lights?

TIMELINE

800-1050

1050

1050-1400

Here is an overview of Norwegian history. For more information on the individual events, click on the corresponding buttons.

The Viking Era

Arrival of Christianity

Medievial Time - Power Gained and Lost

TIMELINE

1400-1500

1500-1820

1820-1900

Uneasy Unions

Union with Denmark

Union with Sweden

TIMELINE

1900- 1913

1914-1945

1945-1965

Independence

The War Years - Attempted Neutrality

The Postwar Years

Monarchy in Norway

The Norwegian state structure is a monarchy. The current king is Harald V of Norway. He has mainly representative duties and only limited political power.

Monarchy in Norway

The special thing about the Norwegian king, however, is that he also takes part in people's everyday lives. You can meet him on the train, for example.

Monarchy in Norway

One day he visited a Norwegian military base. You can get an impression of this in the video here.

The parliament and the government

Political parties

Besides the king, Norway has a parliament called the "Storting," which is the legislative body and consists of 169 elected members. If you want to know which parties are electable in Norway, click on the button.

School System

Children have to go to school till class 10. At different ages the children go to the following schools:

• Kindergarten (age 0-6)
• Compulsory primary school (7 years, starts at age 6)
• Compulsory lower secondary school (3 years)
• Upper secondary education (3-5 years)

Here you can find out about the Norwegian school system. You can also find holiday dates and experiences of students in Norwegian schools by clicking on the buttons below.

Nils

Marie

vacation

Special things in Norwegian schools

For more information about the differences between the Norwegian and German school system click on the pictures!

SCHOOL IN NORWAY

If you want to find out more about the school in Norway, watch the video.

NORwegian WORDS

cat

hei

hello

house

avis

newspaper

hus

katt

Let's test your language level. Try to match the Norwegian words to the English words. If you get stuck, click on the ‘Eye’ button to see the solution.

The Norwegian Alphabet

The Norwegian alphabet consists of 29 letters. 26 of them are the typical letters from a to z. The other 3 are the special letters. You can see them on the right. If you want to know how to pronounce the letters, click on this button.

THe Language

Norwegian is the official language of Norway and is divided into two written standards:

1. Bokmål: The most widely used written standard, which is influenced by Danish.
2. Nynorsk: A written standard created in the 19th century to reflect rural Norwegian dialects.

For a few speaking examples click on the buttons.

NORWegian DIALECT

In Norway there are generally 4 different dialects spoken:

• Eastern Norwegian (Østnorsk)
• Western Norwegian (Vestnorsk)
• Northern Norwegian (Nordnorsk)
• Trøndersk (Central Norwegian)

Click on the buttons to find out more!

Østnorsk

Vestnorsk

Nordnorsk

Trøndersk

Economy

Now we move on to the economic situation in Norway. What influences the economy? What impact does it have?

Basic Facts

Economy

Culture

INDEX

Currency

Crisis and challenges

Inflation

Important Resources

Norway's main revenues

The largest companies

GDP

Human Development Index

Important partners

Pension system

Export

Environmental awareness

Import

Economic comparison between Norway and Germany

Development

Unemployment Rate

currency

Now let's find out what you know!

currency - conversion

Hover over the pictures to learn more about the conversion!

Important Resources

Norway is one of the richest countries in the world and, after Iceland, the country with the highest standard of living. This is particularly due to the resources the country has to offer. What do you think? What are Norway's three main resources?

Norway's main revenues

To learn more about Norway's main sources click on the pictures!

GDP

Before the 1980s, Norway's GDP was low. In the 80s, it began to grow, reaching a peak of about 596 billion USD in 2022. After a decrease in 2023, Norway's GDP started to increase again, and in 2026 it amounts to about 548 billion USD. Take a look at the graph to see the development of Norway's GDP in the 21st century!

Important PartnerS

2024

Here you can see Norway's most important export partners in 2024.

Export

As already described in the resources section, Norway makes most of its money from oil and natural gas. These are also Norway's most important export goods:

• 35.1% of exports are natural gas
• 32.26% of exports are oil

The blue markers on the map show current oil and gas extraction sites, the green ones show previously used ones.

Gas conflict with Russia

Main aspects of the conflict

Background

Significance and impact

The high level of gas exports in Norway is leading to a conflict with Russia. Find out why here!

Export

Another important export product in Norway is fish:

• 8.83% of exports are fish.
• Norway earned 10.6 billion euros from fish exports in 2019.

• These were 2.7 million tons of fish.

Import

economic history

The diagram on the right side shows the development of Norway's import expenditure over the last 10 years.

summary

Import

Here you can find information about Norway's import goods. Click on the pictures to find out more!

Renewable energies and sustainability

Economic Development

Technological innovation and digitalisation

Fisheries and aquaculture

Service

Demographic challenges

Education and research

Oil and gas

Globalisation and trade

Here you can find something about the economic development of Norway!

unemployment rate

summary

Here you can get an overview of the unemployment situation in Norway! On the next slide, we look at the correlation between unemployment and the oil price.

unemployment rate - oil price

Here is a comparison between the oil price and the unemployment rate. What do you notice?Take a look at the information!

Conclusion

crisis and challenges

As can be seen on the graph, there was high unemployment in 2016. This was particularly due to the fact that many jobs in Norway are directly or indirectly linked to the oil and gas industry. Be it in extraction, transport, refining or support services. To find out when oil plays a role in the unemployment rate and why there were problems in 2016 in particular, take a look at this page!

Oil dependency and energy price fluctuations

Environment and sustainability

Unemployment and structural change

Weak growth prospects

Inflation

summary

Another problem in Norway is inflation. Here you can get a brief overview of the development of inflation!

Cause of inflation

Inflation

Measures to combat inflation

As can be seen in the graph, inflation in Norway is currently very high. You can find out why here!

Effects of inflation

The Largest Companies

Here is a brief overview of the five largest companies in Norway. Click on the buttons for more information about the individual companies.

Companies from other countries

But Norway also has companies from other countries. For example, from Sweden, America, the Netherlands and Finland. Click on the pictures to find out more!

Average life expectancy

To my right you can see the average age in Norway! We will take a closer look at this graph in the next few slides.

Gini index

What is the Gini index?

Why is the Gini index so low?

Norway traditionally has a relatively low Gini index, which indicates a relatively even distribution of income. In 2026, the Gini index is 0.28. Find out why this is the case!

Norway's Gini index compared to other countries!

Human Development Index

On this slide, you will find information about the Human Development Index (HDI) in Norway. According to the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) Human Development Report 2023, Norway ranked second in the world in 2023, together with Switzerland, with an HDI of 0.97.To find out what the Human Development Index is, click on the ‘i’ button.

1. Life expectancy at birth:
2. Educational attainment:
3. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita:
4. Norway's value and comparison with other countries:

Pension system

The pension system consists of two main components:

• Income-related pension (inntektspensjon): Based on income during working life.

• Guaranteed pension (garantipensjon): Provides cover for people who receive no or only a small income-related pension. There are also additional supplements (særtillegg).

In addition to the state pension, since 2006 there has been a compulsory occupational pension that supplements the state pension.

Norway has had a new pension system since 2011. You can find information about it here!

Pension system

Conditions of entitlement Persons who have lived in Norway for at least three years between the ages of 16 and 66 are entitled to a guaranteed pension, provided they are currently resident in Norway. Persons who have lived or worked in Norway for at least 20 years can receive pension payments even if they are not currently resident in Norway. Retirement age The normal retirement age is 67. Early retirement is possible from the age of 62 if sufficient pension entitlements have been accumulated.

Norway has had a new pension system since 2011. You can find information about it here!

Norway as a pioneer in environmental awareness

E-cars in Norway: In Oslo, 40% of all newly registered cars are electric. This is mainly because electric cars are exempt from motor vehicle tax. Tolls are also cheaper than for drivers of combustion-engine cars. Because Norway does not yet have enough fast-charging stations, the country is working to expand its network. The goal is to have at least 2 fast-charging stations every 50 kilometres. Norway is also investing a lot of money in the development of electric aeroplanes.

Norway has taken a number of measures to ensure an environmentally conscious supply chain. Here you have an overview of some measures.

Norway as a pioneer in environmental awareness

HydropowerNorway sees hydrogen as a key technology for the future, especially for reducing CO2 emissions and promoting a sustainable economy. The Norwegian government and companies are investing heavily in the development of hydrogen infrastructure and technologies. There are plans for hydrogen production plants that utilise renewable energy to produce green hydrogen. This not only supports domestic energy needs, but also enables exports. The focus is on the use of hydrogen in the transport sector, industry and for storing surplus energy from renewable sources.

Norway has taken a number of measures to ensure an environmentally conscious supply chain. Here you have an overview of some measures.

Economic comparison between Norway and Germany

Finally, here is a small summarised comparison between Norway and Germany.Click on the buttons to see a summary of the individual sectors.

Economic size and structure

The challenges

Trade and exports

Energy and environment

Labour market

Living standard and social policy

Let's take a closer look at Norwegian culture. This includes everyday life, customs, and traditions. We'll also discuss Norwegian business culture and what you should be aware of.

Culture

Basic Facts

Economy

Culture

INDEX

Polls

More information about values

Disclaimer

New in Norway

Stereotypes

Traditions and Customs

6 Dimensions Model

Tips

Culture Map

Farewell

Comparison 6 Dimensions Model and Culture Map

Poll on your experience and opinion

Before we continue with the information, I want to ask you some questions about your opinion, experience and knowledge about Norwegian culture. There is no wrong answer, so just try it out!

Poll on your experience and opinion

Poll on your experience and opinion

Poll on your experience and opinion

Disclaimer

generalizations

In the culture part we will have a look at stereotypes and generalizations.Be aware that every person has an individual character, and therefore, a representation of a country's culture will never fit all individuals.

Generalizations are broad statements or assumptions made on the basis of limited information about a group or situation and based on academic research.

stereotypes

Stereotypes are simplified and often incorrect ideas about the characteristics or behaviours of members of certain groups. They can have positive and negative connotations.

Examples

Stereotypes

Video

When you think of stereotypes, do you think of Norwegian stereotypes or Nordic stereotypes in general?To get a brief overview of Nordic stereotypes, you can watch the video in which Nordic people react to stereotypes. This is followed by a short written summary of the video.

Stereotypes

SUmmary

I have created a small summary of the stereotypes in the form of a table.As the table has become a bit large, you will find it in an extra window by clicking the button on the right. You should watch the video for the individual reactions.

Summary

6 dimensions model

Definition of culture

geert hofstede

On this slide, you will get to know the theory of the 6 dimensions model.It is an analysis tool that categorises countries according to the 6 cultural dimensions identified by Geert Hofstede.

• easy to compare countries as the characteristics are visualised

• always interpret relative to other countries

6 dimensions model

Here, we will look specifically at the comparison of Germany and Norway in the 6 dimensions model. You can maximize the picture!

norway - Germany

6 dimensions model

Summary

Now you have learnt something about the 6 dimensions model and also looked at the comparison in this model. Germany and Norway are very similar in most of the dimensions, only in the motivation towards achievement and success do the two countries differ greatly. So don't be surprised if you come across a work culture in Norway that emphasises collaboration, caring and work-life balance, whereas in Germany there is a stronger focus on competition, success and professional achievement.

The culture map

We will now take a look at the Culture Map. What is the Culture Map, you ask? The Culture Map is a concept developed by Erin Meyer. She created it to facilitate cooperation between different cultures. To achieve this, she conducted interviews with people from a wide variety of cultural backgrounds, developed eight criteria, and calculated mean values.

Erin meyer

The culture map

Erin meyer

Here we take a closer look at the theory. You can enlarge the images by clicking on them!

The culture map

norway - germany

On the following slides, we will have a closer look at each category. There is always an overview with a comparison to Germany. In some categories, we look at situations that are intended to illustrate the characteristics in everyday working life. There is also a quiz with an explanation. In the top right corner, there will be an eye button to show the Culture Map again.

Communicating

low-context - high-context

Low-context

Direct

Comparison to Germany

Explanation

As I mentioned before, let's now look at a situation that represents the next category in everyday life.There is always a short story that describes a critical incident. There is also a question followed by a solution so that you can reflect on why the incident occurred. We then continue with the appropriate category from the culture map. If you would like to hear the text read aloud, you can click on the play button at the top right of the respective page. You can also pause the audio and continue playing. The quizzes are not read aloud. Have fun!

Critical incidents

The Clarification Attempt

Critical incident 1

Mr Mayer works in a managerial position in a Norwegian hospital. His department cooperates closely with another team at the hospital. One day, he learns by chance that the colleagues in this team are annoyed with his team and in particular with a German colleague who, in their opinion, has behaved strangely. Without any further details, he decides to investigate the matter. He informs the colleagues from the other team and invites them to his office for a clarifying discussion. However, shortly before the meeting, Mr Mayer receives a cancellation and the meeting is postponed. A new date is found, but when Mr Mayer receives the agenda, he realises that the original topic of the disagreement is missing. He adds it and sends the list back. This meeting is also cancelled, as is another one. Mr Mayer is at a loss: why don't his colleagues want to talk about the problem, even though it is putting a strain on the relationship?

The Clarification Attempt

Solution

The repeated postponement of meetings by Norwegian colleagues is no coincidence. Open conflict situations are unpleasant for Norwegians and they avoid them if possible. An open discussion, as Mr Mayer wishes, would be an embarrassing situation for the Norwegians, which would increase the level of conflict. The problem would therefore seem bigger. It is one thing to get annoyed with someone and gossip behind their back; it is quite another to discuss the disagreement publicly within the team. The person being criticised could lose face, which would make working together more difficult. To avoid this, colleagues avoid direct conflict and prefer to maintain the appearance of harmony in public.

evaluating

direct - indirect negative feedback

Objectivity and discretion

Direct negative feedback

Comparison to Germany

The Secretary's Job

Critical incident 2

Ms. Ehmann has been working for a Norwegian company in Oslo for twelve years. Together with her German colleague, Mr. Ruge, she is sitting in an important meeting with the managing director of a Norwegian company, Mr. Sæthre, in a meeting room in the canteen area. Coffee and something to eat have been provided for the meeting. At the end of the meeting, Mr. Sæthre clears away his guests' dishes as a matter of course and places them on a serving trolley. On the way back to the company, Ms. Ehmann mentions to her colleague Mr. Ruge how great she thinks it is that an older man in this position is so considerate and clears the dishes instead of leaving everything to his secretary, and that she has never experienced this before. Mr. Ruge has a completely different opinion. He finds it impossible for someone to behave like that! After all, he has a secretary who is responsible for such things. Now Ms. Ehmann is unsettled because she doesn't know how to interpret Mr. Sæthre's behaviour.

The Secretary's Job

Solution

In this situation, the egalitarian structure becomes visible. Hierarchical differences exist and are recognised, but these differences are not openly displayed and no advantage is taken of them. Such modest behaviour earns you respect in Norway and shows that you have "kept your feet on the ground" and that your position has not gone to your head. Acting like a boss and being patronised by others is considered very inappropriate and arrogant in Norway. In general, there are fewer clear, generally applicable rules for behaviour according to different roles in Norway, such as supervisor and family man. While foreigners working in Germany are often astonished when they see their otherwise formal boss playing with the children in the park at the weekend in casual clothes, the differences between private individuals and employees are less pronounced and are also not sought after.

Solution - The Secretary's Job

Solution

In Norway, there are hierarchical differences that are recognized, but people do not take advantage of their position. Modest behavior shows and deserves respect. There are also fewer clear, generally applicable rules for the various roles than in Germany, so the differences between private individuals and employees are less pronounced.

The Project Management

Critical incident 3

Mr. Fassbender recently took up a management position at a German branch office in Oslo. He has been put in charge of a project involving 25 Norwegian employees from various departments. In the initial meetings, Mr. Fassbender has the impression that a clear structure and leadership is needed to complete the project efficiently and within the set time frame. He therefore ensures right from the start that the tasks are precisely specified and then distributed among the employees, and he also defines the times for completing the tasks and the sub-steps. He regularly checks the work steps of his employees and gives positive or direct negative feedback, depending on the quality of the result. Relatively often, he criticizes the diligence of his employees, as the external form of the delivered documents often does not meet his expectations. The more time passes, the more he senses resistance and a lack of commitment on the part of his employees. At the end of the project, three of them who had been with the company for many years resigned without giving reasons. Mr. Fassbender does not understand what has happened.

The Project Management

Solution

There are two correct answers here:

• Firstly, the Norwegian employees find Mr Fassbender's authoritarian management style stressful. His dominant way of giving orders emphasises differences in status, which is unusual in Norway. This leads to a lack of motivation and passive resistance among employees.

• On the other hand, the rigid structures that Mr Fassbender imposes do not fit in with Norwegian work culture. Norwegians favour freedom and self-determination at work and react negatively to tight management and detailed instructions. They are sceptical of authoritarian behaviour and a focus on formal outward appearances, which impairs their motivation and willingness to perform.

leading

egalitarian - hierarchical

Participation

Comparison to Germany

Egalitarian

Møte, Møte and again Møte

Critical incident 4

Ms. Steiger has been working in Älesund for two years. She is amazed at all the meetings (“møte”) that are held in her company. Many things that, in her opinion, could have simply been decided by the manager are discussed at length in meetings and everyone is given the opportunity to express their opinion. Nevertheless, in the end, the boss almost always makes a decision that is in line with their own, even if not everyone necessarily likes it. Nevertheless, it is accepted by everyone. Ms. Steiger doesn't understand why the decision-making process is unnecessarily prolonged by these meetings if it doesn't change the final result. In her opinion, these meetings bring no benefit and she sometimes finds them downright hypocritical. For example, she experiences every day that she wants to reach someone on the phone and is put off because the person is unfortunately in a meeting again.

Møte, Møte and again Møte

Solution

In Norway, it is extremely important to involve everyone in decisions. Everyone has the opportunity to participate in the decision-making process and express their personal opinion or concerns. "Si din mening" in Norwegian means: "Say your opinion!" The aim is to get everyone to agree with the decision at the end. Several lengthy meetings are often required to reach this consensus. And even if it is ultimately the boss who makes the decision, this process of inclusion of everyone in Norway is very important. This process gives the decision legitimacy. In this way, individuals feel that they have a stake ("eierskap") in the decision that has been made and are very likely to be loyal to it, even if they themselves may have disagreed.

Decision Paths

Critical incident 5

Mr. Engelhardt has lived in Norway for six years and works in a managerial position in an industrial company in Oslo. At meetings, he often finds that difficult or conflict-laden decisions are postponed until the next meeting and it is not clearly defined who is responsible for the respective tasks and the next process steps.A short time later, however, there is suddenly a decision that he does not know how it came about and on which he has not been able to position his opinion and thus have any influence on its outcome and the further course of events. Mr. Engelhardt is extremely frustrated by this. He also finds it dangerous that decisions are often not made in the official committees, as he feels that this opens up opportunities for personal networks and informal structures that are not in line with the company's official hierarchical structures. Why is this the case?

Decision Paths

Solution

In Norway, decisions to be made are initially discussed in the group on an equal footing, as the participation of the individual is very important. However, if there is too much disagreement, an open discussion is avoided. The context is changed and the discussion continues in a smaller group. The decision is then ultimately made by the persons responsible in this case, who are therefore authorised to draw the necessary conclusions from the results of the discussion in the decision-making process and then make a decision that is binding for everyone.

DECIDING

Consensual - top-down

Time consuming

Comparison to Germany

Consensual

TRUSTING

task-based - relationship-based

Honesty and openess

Comparison to Germany

Task-based

The Fierce Dispute

Critical incident 6

Mr. Reimer is the managing director of a small company in Oslo. Alongside him is another German, Mr. Melzer, who holds a senior position in the company. Once again, he arrives late for a meeting while his colleagues are already waiting because he supposedly has to finish a phone call. On this day, Mr. Reimer is in a rage. He goes to Mr. Melzer's office, angrily demands that he end the call immediately and then slams the office door behind him. The colleague storms out of his room indignantly. He finds it impossible that Mr. Reimer is interrupting him during a customer call, which in his opinion always has priority! A fierce exchange of words ensues in front of his colleagues, in which the two shout at each other. The two then sit down with their Norwegian colleagues and hold the meeting as usual. They appear tense and dejected. After the meeting, the two Germans retire to an office, talk about the incident and come to an agreement. The matter is then “out of the world” for them. However, the mood among the Norwegian colleagues remained tense over the next few days.When he asks, the German boss is told that they fear the company will fall apart. Mr. Reimer cannot explain how they came up with this absurd idea. How do you explain the reaction of the Norwegian employees?

The Fierce Dispute

Solution

The desire for harmony is pronounced in Norway. Strong emotional outbursts and loud arguments are avoided. Parliament's rules of procedure prohibit loud interjections and swearing. Conflicts are seen as a threat to harmony and are resolved as quietly as possible. A loud argument has far-reaching consequences or means the final rupture of the relationship, which one tries to avoid. Due to the low population numbers, people have to continue to get along with each other. An emotional outburst in public would be more serious than in Germany. Even if a colleague's lateness is annoying, Norwegians avoid open conflict in order to maintain team harmony. The confrontational nature of the Germans shocks them and is interpreted as a serious rift between the managers, which makes further co-operation seem impossible.

disagreeing

confrontational - avoids confrontation

Compromise is key

Ability to deal with conflict

Comparison to Germany

The Children Wait

Critical incident 7

Mr. Lange works in a managerial position in an industrial company in Oslo. One day he is sitting in an important negotiation with the management, for which some consultants and bankers have flown in for two days, as an important contract is to be concluded under time pressure. The day is hectic, but efficient. At 3:30 pm, however, the boss, Mr. Solheim, suddenly cancels the meeting on the grounds that he has to leave now to pick up his children from kindergarten. The schedule is then rearranged a little, tasks are distributed or postponed until the next morning. Then the meeting is over for the day. Mr. Lange is stunned: you can't end an important meeting in the early afternoon during such a “hot phase” and leave your important business partners, who have flown in especially for this meeting, behind on the grounds that now is family time. He feels this is a lack of appreciation and is of the opinion that in such a position you should set your priorities differently, for example by making sure your wife picks up the children from nursery beforehand.

The Children Wait

Solution

Mr Solheim behaved in a way that is typical of Norwegians. While for Mr Lange everything to do with this important round of negotiations takes precedence over everything else, this is obviously not the case for the Norwegian partners. Not only does Mr Solheim set clear priorities by giving priority to family work from 3.30 pm, but everyone else accepts the cancellation without complaint and rearranges their plans accordingly. For Norweger, it is clear that Mr Solheim now has to pick up his children from nursery. Working time and family time, working for the company and fulfilling family obligations have the same importance in Norway, in stark contrast to Germany. Family life begins in the afternoon and as it was his job today, picking up the children took priority for Mr Solheim.

scheduling

linear - flexible time

Work-life-balance

Linear timeand punctuality

Comparison to Germany

persuading

principles - applications first

Long-term

Comparison to Germany

Application of principles

Culture Map

Summary

We have now taken a very close look at the comparison between Norway and Germany in the Culture Map. In some categories, the two countries are very similar, but they also have some major differences. The two biggest differences I see are in the categories Leading and Disagreeing. The Norwegians are much more egalitarian than the Germans, and lead conflicts less confrontationally, and more constructively and respectfully.

the comparison

culture map - 6 dimensions model

We have now looked at two different theories of culture. But why have we analysed both? By analysing both models, we get a more comprehensive picture of Norwegian culture. The 6 dimensions model provides us with a theoretical foundation, while the Culture Map is more practice-oriented and shows how cultural differences influence concrete work and communication situations.

6 Dimensions

Culture Map

More information about values

Introduction

It is difficult to describe a culture using just a theoretical model, because we are all too different for that. In addition to the Culture Map and the 6 dimensions model, I will now give you more information about values and ideas of life in Norway.

More information about values

Overview

Kos

Janteloven

Fairness

Work-Life-Balance

Equality

Patience

Friluftsliv

Dugnad

New in Norway?

Introduction

Let us now take a look at what it's like to be new in Norway, how Norwegians behave towards strangers and how they make friends.To do this, we will first look at the last critical incident and then watch a short video.

New in Norway

Critical incident 3

Ms. Tietz recently moved to Norway and works in Älesund. As she doesn't know anyone yet and would like to make contacts (she already speaks Norwegian very well), she is very happy when she is sent on a three-day training course. She sees this as a good opportunity to get in closer contact with colleagues. On the evening of the first day of the course, however, she is extremely frustrated: she has not exchanged a private word with any of the participants. Almost all of them seem to know each other or at least have mutual acquaintances they could talk to. However, no one approached Ms. Tietz and tried to integrate her or showed any interest in getting to know her. When she tried to initiate a conversation, most people were taciturn, so she quickly gave up her efforts, feeling insecure. She had never found it so difficult to make contact with strangers in Germany.

New in Norway

Critical incident 3

Nothing changes until the third day. Then, however, the group is divided into small sub-groups that are to work on something together for a morning. They start talking about the joint task and Ms. Tietz is surprised at how much more open and friendly the participants suddenly become towards her. Even after the group work is finished, they remain open-minded. She can't explain why the same people are so dismissive and unwelcoming at first and then suddenly become so much more welcoming. How did this sudden change in behaviour come about?

New in Norway

Solution

The Norwegian training participants are shy towards the new participant and find making contact stressful. They prefer to talk to colleagues they know, as Norway is not a "small talk nation". It often takes a long time for Norwegians to warm up to strangers. In the example situation, Mrs Tietz is quickly included in the group thanks to the group work, as the work assignment provides a natural topic of conversation and makes it easier to make contact. The Norwegians, who initially seem reserved, then show a surprising amount of cordiality.

Here is the video I have already announced. It takes about 3 minutes.

The following possible reasons are given:

• Cold weather: Influences behaviour
• Lots of space: People don't live close to each other outside the cities
• Different work mentality: You don't want to disturb others while working and separation of work and private life
• Good social system: everyone is taken care of

Result: Norwegians tend to keep to themselves, which makes it harder to make friends. But if you become part of a Norwegian group, it becomes like a second family.

The video looks at whether Norwegian people are really cold and whether it is difficult to talk to them and make friends there.Here is my summary:

New in Norway?

Summary

You saw in the video and in the critical incident that people in Norway tend to stay within their own circle. You don't want to disturb strangers and small talk is not common.It usually takes a relatively long time for Norwegians to warm up to each other, but if you already know each other, Norwegians are more open and less shy. If you are part of a group, you have friends for life, so to speak.

Traditions and customs

Now we explore what makes Norway unique. What is traditional Norwegian food? What are Norwegian customs and stories? And we will also look at my origins. Let's go!

Food and drinks

Trolls

Overview - video

Overview

History

Characteristis

Types of trolls

Places

Nowadays

Now we finally come to the fun part. Here you can find out all about my family and me.

Story

"The starry sky is the truest friend in life, when you've first become acquainted; it is ever there, it gives ever peace, ever reminds you that your restlessness, your doubt, your pains are passing trivialities"

Erling kagge

Communion with nature

Evangelic Lutheran Church

religion

since 2017 there is no state religion in norway

• Religious freedom guaranteed to all

• Norway is one of the least religious countries in Western Europe

Religions in pie chart

Smallgroups and problematic

Ethnic groups

~ 80%

~10%

~ 60.000

~ 10.000

~ 10%

Norwegians

Others

Europeans

Sami

Kven

Ethnic Norwegians make up the vast majority of the population.

The Sami are the indigenous people of northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and the far north of Russia.

The Kvens are a historical ethnic group in northern Norway, descended from Finnish-speaking fishing communities.

In recent decades, Norway has received an increasing number of immigrants from different parts of the world.

Europeans from countries such as Sweden and Denmark and Germany also form a significant group within Norwegian society.

special days

Holidays

Here you will get an insight into special days in Norway. There is an overview of the public holidays in an extra window. You can also take a closer look at the biggest festivals, some of them have a Christian background, such as Christmas and Easter.

Tips I

To round off the module, I've put together a few tips to help you avoid misunderstandings in Norway and when working with Norwegians, and to make it easier to deal with cultural differences.

Egalitarianism

First Name

Decision Making

Teams are egalitarian and no one takes advantage of their position

First names are often used at work due to the low hierarchy

Decisions are usually supported by everyone, but they can also take longer

Tips II

Main Working Time

Work-Life-Balance

Punctuality

The main working hours are from Monday to Friday between 8 am and 4 pm

Balance is very important, so it can happen that a meeting ends because the working day is over and is only continued the next day

Pay attention to punctuality out of respect for the time of others

Tips III

Direct Communication

No Confrontation

Making Friends

Directness and honesty are appreciated

Deal with conflicts constructively and respectfully, you don't have to get loud

Norwegians can be shy at first, but once you get to know them they are open and you have a second family

Tips IV

Environmental Awareness

Local Differences

Enjoy!

Nature plays a very important role in Norway, respect your environment too

Also inform yourself about local customs

Have fun experiencing a new culture

Farewell

This is the end of this learning module. Although of course, there are regional differences in language, customs, geography etc., you have hopefully gotten some interesting impressions of Norway. Maybe we'll see each other soon in Norway. Ha det!

Measures to combat inflation

Monetary policy: Norges Bank, Norway's central bank, plays a decisive role in controlling the inflation rate. The central bank tries to control inflation by adjusting the key interest rate. When inflation rises, the key interest rate is often increased in order to reduce borrowing and curb demand.Fiscal policy: The Norwegian government can also influence inflation through its budget and tax policy. By adjusting public spending and taxes, the government can control economic activity and thus also price trends.

https://www.norges-bank.no/en/

6 Dimenion Model

Geert Hofstede's 6-dimension model offers an important analysis of cultural differences based on six clearly defined dimensions: Power Distance, Individualism, Motivation towards Achievement and Success, Uncertainty Avoidance, Long-Term Orientation and Indulgence These dimensions make it possible to systematically understand and compare the basic cultural values and behaviours in Norway. The data of the 6 Dimension Model is from 2024

Renewable energies

Hydropower: Hydropower has long been the main source of electricity generation in Norway, covering around 90-95% of electricity demand. The country has numerous rivers and waterfalls that are used to generate energy.Wind power: Norway is increasingly investing in wind energy, both onshore and offshore. Offshore wind projects, such as the Hywind Scotland project, in which Norway is involved, are leading the way.Solar energy: Although solar energy is less widespread due to Norway's geographical location, interest and investment in this technology is growing, especially in the northern regions, which have long daylight hours in summer.Biomass and geothermal energy: Norway also utilises biomass and geothermal energy as complementary renewable energy sources. These technologies contribute to the diversification of the energy mix.Electrification of transport: Norway is a world leader in the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs). Attractive incentives such as tax breaks, free tolls and preferential parking have led to a high uptake of EVs. Electric vehicles already accounted for more than 60% of new car sales in 2021.

https://www.nve.no/english/

The amount of electricity currently produced from renewable energies in Norway is 149.4 trillion Wh each year. For comparison Germany produces 449,8 billion Wh in one year.

Telenor is one of the largest telecoms companies in Norway and a leading global provider of mobile, broadband and digital services.Founded: Telenor was founded in 1855 and is headquartered in Fornebu, Norway.Services: Telenor offers mobile telephony, fixed-line telephony, broadband internet and digital TV services.Market presence: Telenor is active in 9 countries, including Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar.

Technology and innovation: Telenor is investing heavily in the expansion of 4G and 5G networks as well as in digital solutions and IoT (Internet of Things).Sustainability: The company is committed to sustainable business practices and has set targets to reduce CO2 emissions and promote digital inclusion.Employees: Telenor employs around 18,000 people worldwide.Telenor stands for innovative telecoms solutions and focuses on sustainability and digital transformation to meet the needs of global markets.

https://www.telenor.no/privat/

Oil and gas

Oil was first discovered in Norway in the 1950s. However, it was not extracted until the early 1960s. However, the first attempts to recover the oil were unsuccessful, which is why it took until the end of the decade before any usable oil was found. In 1970, the first companies such as Equinor were founded. At this time, further oil wells were also discovered and excavated. As a result, Norway's economy grew considerably. Especially in the 1980s, the economy took another leap in growth. This continued into the 21st century.

In 2001, however, new CO2 taxes were introduced to reduce oil and gas production. However, this has not stopped Norway from continuing to grow. In 2007, the oil fund reached a market capitalisation of over USD 300 billion, further strengthening Norway's economic stability. Norway is also increasingly investing in renewable energies and developing strategies to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels. In 2020, the Oil Fund reaches over USD 1 trillion and is one of the largest state investment funds in the world.

Oil production

https://www.sodir.no/en/

Significance and impact

Europe's energy supply:Europe's security of supply depends in part on stable supplies from Norway and Russia. Tensions in this area can have an impact on energy prices and security of supply.Environmental protection:The Arctic is a fragile ecosystem and resource exploitation poses significant environmental risks. Norway attaches great importance to sustainable practices here, while Russia often prioritises economic interests.Economic interests:Both countries have strong economic interests in the development and export of natural gas, which leads to competition for investments and markets.

About this module This learning module is primarily aimed at DHBW Karlsruhe students who want to prepare for a stay abroad or for working in international teams. It was developed as part of a seminar on Intercultural Communication for the Computer Science degree programme, but is suitable for anyone interested in Norway.

Made by Larissa, Elias and Nina

The Postwar Years

1945-1965

The Norwegians still wanted to be independent. They had a growing economy. The wealth-generating industries of hydropower, mining and steel production were in state hands, providing the nation with the resources needed to abolish privilege and create an increasingly equal country.

When the Germans left Norway, they left behind a lot of destruction. The merchants had left the fleet or joined the Allies. Heavy losses had halved the number of ships and the industry had almost ceased production.

Independence

1900-1913

The Norwegians' call for independence was louder than ever. In 1905, they applied for an end to the union with Sweden. They became an independent monarchy. The introduction of hydropower led to the utilisation of Norway's natural resources. Under a liberal government, industry developed, prosperity grew and contributed to social reforms.

A strong trade union movement emerged, which was represented by the Labour Party. By 1913, all men and women were granted the right to a job.

Effects of inflation

Purchasing power: Rising inflation reduces the purchasing power of consumers, as the prices of goods and services rise faster than wages. Economic uncertainty: High inflation can lead to economic uncertainty, which has a negative impact on investment and consumption. Saving behaviour: When inflation is high, people tend to save less as money loses value. This can lead to lower investment and economic growth in the long term.

https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2024/05/oecd-economic-outlook-volume-2024-issue-1_1046e564.html

Small groups and problems

• Other religious groups are small - about 5 percent of the population
• Most problematic religious policy issue: obligatory teaching of the Christian catechism in all public schools

• Muslims in particular are the target of discrimination and hate speech - especially as their presence in the country has increased.

Fishing

Norway is one of the largest fishing nations in the world. The most frequently caught fish are cod, herring, haddock, mackerel and shrimp. In addition, successful fish farming (aquaculture) has been established in Norway in recent years. Salmon in particular is one of Norway's top exports. Overall, fishing accounts for around 5% of total foreign trade.

Cause of inflation

Energy prices: Norway is a major exporter of oil and gas, and the prices of these resources have a significant impact on the rate of inflation. Fluctuations in global oil and gas prices affect both consumer costs and the economy as a whole.Food prices: Imported food is susceptible to international price fluctuations. As Norway imports some of its food, global price increases can contribute directly to inflation.Wages and salaries: The strong trade union movement in Norway leads to regular wage negotiations. Higher wages can lead to rising production costs and therefore higher prices for goods and services.

https://handelskammer.blog/norwegische-krone/

Shipbuilding and shipping

Norway has the fifth largest merchant fleet in the world and shipping has a centuries-old tradition. Shipping is Norway's second largest industry in terms of GDP (GDP = gross domestic product).

Summary

• Influences of global events:
• 2014 and 2015: Decline in oil prices: Norway hit hard as one of the largest oil producers worldwide

• increase from 2017: global economic recovery
• 2020: impact by the COVID-19 pandemic: leading to a short-term drop in imports
• Recovery and fluctuations:
• The significant recovery in imports after 2020 reflects a strong economic recovery after the pandemic.
• The slight decline in 2023 could be due to a stabilisation of imports after a period of strong growth or to specific economic factors.

Overall, Norway's import figures show some volatility, influenced by global economic conditions, commodity prices and specific national events. The data points to a robust economic recovery after the pandemic, followed by stabilisation in 2023.

The name Jotunheimen comes from Jötunheimr ('Home of the Giants'), one of the Nine Worlds and the world (home) of the giants in Norse mythology.

Jotunheimen

Trollstigen ('The Troll Ladder') is a mountain road in the heart of the island. The mountains surrounding the Trollstigen road are enormous.

Trollstigen

Political parties

• Arbeiderpartiet (Labour Party): Traditionally the strongest party, which favours social justice and a strong welfare state.
• Høyre (Conservative Party): One of the largest bourgeois parties, supporting economic freedom and reduced government spending.
• Fremskrittspartiet (Progress Party): A right-wing populist party that favours lower taxes and a strict immigration policy.
• Senterpartiet (Centre Party): Represents the interests of the rural population and farmers, supports decentralisation and agriculture.
• Miljøpartiet De Grønne (The Greens): Focus on environmental protection and sustainability.

https://politpro.eu/de/norwegen/parteien

School subjects in Norway

In Norway as in Germany, there is maths, history, geography, science, sport, art, English and Norwegian. The only difference here is that geography and science in particular have a large practical component. For example, it is normal to draw a frog in biology.

Apart from that, there are also subjects such as food and health in Norway. However, the second foreign language is only added after primary school, i.e. from year 8. Pupils usually choose between German, Spanish or French.

Cod

The main markets for Norwegian cod include Europe (especially Portugal, Spain and Italy), North America (especially the USA and Canada) and other international markets that value the high quality and sustainability of Norwegian fishery products.

https://norwegianseafoodcouncil.com/de/uber-uns/uber-uns/

Salmon

Norway is the world's largest exporter of Atlantic salmon. Salmon from Norway is known for its high quality and is exported to various countries around the world.

In 2021, the export value of Norwegian salmon totalled around 77.9 billion Norwegian kroner (NOK), which is equivalent to around 8.6 billion euros. This reflects the great importance of salmon exports for the Norwegian economy, both in terms of turnover and employment in the fishing and aquaculture industry.

https://businessportal-norwegen.com/2022/01/18/norwegen-erzielt-2021-groessten-handelsueberschuss-aller-zeiten/

The War Years - Attempted Neutrality

1914-1945

At the beginning of the Second World War, Norway was natural again. But in 1940 it was awakened by the German invasion. King Hâkon VII fled to London. There he co-operated with the Norwegian exile movement (if you want to know more about this, click on the button in the right-hand corner), after which a new "Prime Minister" was elected. The Norwegians were not happy about this and made life difficult for the Nazis, so they celebrated the return of the old king after the end of the war.

Norway was not involved in the First World War. But the country was still struggling with its coasts and seas. No consideration was given to neutral shipping at sea, with the result that half of Norway's skippers were dead or afloat by the end of the war. In 1920, Norway joined the League of Nations and pursued a policy of peace and disarmament.

Technological innovation and digitalisation

Digitalisation and infrastructure: Norway has invested heavily in digital infrastructure, including broadband and mobile networks, creating a foundation for technological innovation.Technology companies and start-ups: The promotion of technology companies and start-ups through government support and investment has led to a dynamic innovation ecosystem.E-government: Norway is a pioneer in e-government, with numerous digital services for citizens and businesses, which has improved the efficiency and transparency of the administration.Smart Cities: Initiatives such as Smart Cities in cities like Oslo promote sustainable urban development through the use of IoT (Internet of Things), Big Data and other technologies.

https://www.visitnorway.de/info/uber-innovation-norway/

Kos - a good time

koselig = cosy

The cult of Norway's "Kos" goes far beyond the German "Gemütlichkeit", Denmark's "Hygge", the "perfect moment" of the USA or the "quality time" of a generally stressed society.

• Kos is a moment of happiness that you experience when you feel safe, warm and good at the same time.
• Kos is the typically Norwegian idea of luxury as simplicity, where small pleasures feel great.

There are many different types, here are a few examples:

• Kaffekos (coffee kos)
• Familiekos (family kos)
• Vaffelkos (waffle kos)
• Hyttekos (hut kos)
• Peiskos (fireplace kos)
• Kveldskos (evening kos)
• Fredagskos (Friday cos)
• Påskekos (Easter kos)

Russ

• Norwegian students celebrate the end of their school days as "Russ" with wild activities called "Russefeiring".
• Clothing:
• overalls, wide trousers and a cap with a long cord, colour-coded depending on the subject (e.g. red for general studies)

• Knots and objects hang from the string, which are earned by completing fun or risky tasks.
• "Russ card", a business card with a photo, name and sayings, which is distributed and collected
• Criticism for excessive alcohol consumption and dangerous behaviour grows, but the behaviour is tolerated until the climax, the Russ Parade on 17 May. After that, the final exams begin and everyday life returns.

Origin:

• The term Russ comes from the Latin, roughly meaning: to push off one's horns.
• in the 18th century, Norwegian students had to go to the University of Copenhagen to study
• After passing their exams, the students were symbolically removed their horns, which they previously wore as a sign of their "wild nature".

Electronics and computer technology

The demand for modern technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing and 5G networks is driving imports of specialised IT equipment and electronic components. Norwegian companies and institutions are investing in advanced technologies to remain competitive and drive innovation.

Norway imports a wide range of products in the field of computer technology and electrical parts, including computers, laptops, servers, peripherals, smartphones, semiconductors, electronic components and much more. These imports cover both private and commercial needs.

https://tecex.com/countries/import-into-norway/

Norway attaches great importance to sustainability, also in the technology sector. There is a growing demand for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly devices. Many imported products fulfil high environmental standards and contribute to reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions.

Types of trolls

Different types in Norwegian mythology:

• Fjelltroll - mountain trolls
• Skogstroll - forest trolls
• Vannmann/Nøkken - water trolls
• Brukoll - bridge trolls
• Gruvetroll - underground trolls
• Sjøtroll - sea trolls
• Ris - frost trolls

Do you want to know some troll names? Click here:

Fossegrimmen

Huldra

Jötnar

Draug

Skogtroll

Nisser

Nøkk

Regional distribution of the population

• Central: The central districts are densely populated and offer a mix of residential and commercial areas.
• West: The western neighbourhoods tend to be more affluent and offer higher living standards.
• East: The eastern neighbourhoods are more multicultural and have a higher population density.

Trade and exports

Exports:

• Norway: Main exports are oil and gas, fish, maritime products and aluminium.
• Germany: Main exports are cars, machinery, chemicals and electronic products.

Trading partners:

• Norway: Important trading partners are the EU, especially the UK, Germany and the Netherlands.
• Germany: Important trading partners are the EU, China, the USA and Switzerland.

Culture Map

Erin Meyer's Culture Map focuses on eight dimensions of communication and collaboration: Communication, evaluation, persuasion, leadership, decision-making, trust, disagreement and timing. This model is particularly useful for gaining practical insights into cross-cultural interactions and workplace dynamics. The Culture Map data is from the year 2022.

Education

Education system: Norway has a strong and well-funded education system, ranging from primary school to higher education. Access to education is free for all citizens, which leads to a high participation rate and a high level of education.Colleges and universities: Norway has renowned colleges and universities that offer a wide range of degree programmes and work closely with industry. Institutions such as the University of Oslo and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) are leaders in research.Vocational education: Vocational education is an important part of the education system. Norway offers numerous programmes that prepare young people and adults for the labour market and provide vocational qualifications.

https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/kd/id586/

2008: ~ 3.75%

Between 2004 and 2008, the inflation rate rose again, peaking at 3.75% in 2008, when the global financial crisis hit. External factors such as global commodity price increases or strong economic activity lead to more inflation. After 2008, the inflation rate fell again and reached 0.7% in 2012.

Evaluating

This scale measures a preference for open versus diplomatic criticism. It is often confused with Communicating, but many countries have different positions on the two scales. The French, for example, are high-context communicators relative to Americans, yet they are much more direct when it comes to negative feedback. The Spanish and Mexicans are equally high-context, but the Spanish are much more direct with negative feedback than Mexicans.

Source: Tour the World

Demographic challenges

Population growth and migration

• Immigration policy: Norway has a proactive immigration policy to meet the demand for labour. Highly qualified skilled labour from abroad is particularly encouraged.

• Integration: There are programmes to integrate migrants into the labour market and society, including language courses and vocational training.

Ageing population

• Pension reforms: Norway has reformed its pension systems to cope with the growing proportion of older people. The reforms include raising the retirement age and incentivising people to work longer.
• Labour market integration: Measures to integrate older workers into the labour market have been stepped up, including further training and more flexible working hours.

https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/aid/id165/

Wood industry

Turnover in the timber industry totalled NOK 44.2 billion in 2007. This accounts for 5.5% of total industrial turnover. Around 6,000 people are employed in the timber industry nationwide.

Fram museum (2)

The Fram Museum is a museum in Oslo. It was inaugurated on May 20th 1936 and houses some of the Viking's old ships.Click on the link below for further information.

https://frammuseum.no/

Union with Sweden

1820-1900

Initially, the Norwegians were very unhappy about having an agreement with the Swedes. On 17 May 1814, Norway adopted a constitution to be a free, independent and indivisible republic. However, Sweden vetoed this, which gave Norway good economic growth, but people began to live in poverty until the 19th century.

Uneasy Unions

1400-1500

After the King's death, his son Olav and his wife from Denmark became the new leaders of Norway. Together with Sweden and Denmark, they created a Union. Following Olavs death, his wife made her nephew Erik the new King. After her death, Erik wanted to collect taxes from the union countries for warfare. So Sweden decided to leave the union.

Danish also became the main language during that time period.

Economic size and structure

GDP:

• Norway: The gross domestic product (GDP) of Norway in 2022 was approximately USD 482 billion .
• Germany: The GDP of Germany in 2022 was approximately USD 4.26 trillion .

Economic sectors:

• Norway: The economy is heavily dependent on the oil and gas industry, which accounts for a significant share of GDP and exports. Fishing and aquaculture as well as the maritime sector are also important industries.
• Germany: The German economy is diversified and strong in industry, particularly in the automotive, mechanical engineering, chemicals and electronics sectors. The service sector is also very important.

Summary

• Fluctuating inflation: The inflation rate in Norway shows considerable fluctuations, which indicates various internal and external economic influences.
• High inflation in times of crisis: Particularly high levels of inflation can be observed in times of global economic uncertainty or crisis (e.g. 2008 financial crisis, 2020s pandemic-related disruption).
• Periods of low inflation: Periods of low inflation could be associated with successful economic management or weaker demand.

Arrival of Christianity

9th Century

Among other things, Christianity came to Norway through the anchors of the Vikings. They saw this type of religion in other countries. But missionaries and kings also had a great influence on the religion of the Norwegians. At last, Norway's neighbouring countries became Christian, including Norway.

Work-Life-Balance

• Norway is a good example of how to reconcile work and family life
• generous parental leave: up to 49 weeks
• short working hours: 37.5 hours per week
• ample annual leave: 25 days
• Family values are paramount: equal parental involvement

• The Norwegian work culture emphasises equality and teamwork, with flexible working hours and core working hours.

• After the pandemic, working from home is widespread

• Overall, Norway's approach emphasises equality, collaboration and flexibility, contributing to the well-being of employees and the success of the company.

• Care is taken not to work overtime and to enjoy time off after work

Machinery and equipment

Norway imports a wide range of machinery and equipment that is critical to its major industries, including the oil and gas industry, the maritime industry, the manufacturing industry and renewable energy. Specialised machinery and equipment is necessary to keep these industries competitive and innovative.

Norway sources machinery and equipment from a large number of countries, which strengthens the country's global trade relations. The main suppliers are Germany, the USA, China, Sweden and Japan. These countries are known for their advanced technologies and quality products.

https://www.ssb.no/en/sok?sok=import

Gross National Income (GNI) per capita:

The GNI per capita, adjusted to purchasing power parity (PPP), is around 67,000 international dollars in Norway.Although Norway has a high standard of living, progressive tax systems and social safety nets ensure that income distribution remains relatively equal.This is also reflected in Norway's Gini index. (Click on the button to see the Gini index again)

Yara international

Technology and innovation: The company invests heavily in research and development to develop innovative fertilisers and solutions that increase the efficiency of nutrient use while reducing environmental impact. Sustainability: Yara is committed to sustainable agricultural practices and has set goals to reduce CO2 emissions and make agriculture more sustainable overall. Employees: Yara employs thousands of people worldwide who are committed to the company's mission of feeding a growing world population and utilising resources more efficiently.Yara International stands for innovation in agrochemicals and is committed to ensuring that farmers worldwide have access to sustainable and effective fertiliser solutions to promote food security and protect the environment.

Yara International is a leading global agrochemical company headquartered in Oslo, Norway. It focuses on the development and distribution of fertilisers and other agricultural solutions.Foundation: Yara was founded in 1905 and is headquartered in Oslo, Norway.Services: Yara offers a variety of fertilisers and agrochemical products designed to improve the productivity and sustainability of agriculture worldwide.Market presence: Yara is active in over 60 countries and serves customers on all continents.

https://www.yara.com/

Service

The service sector accounts for the largest share of Norway's GDP and includes finance, insurance, property, trade, tourism, health and education.Financial services: The financial sector, including banking and insurance, has developed strongly, supported by the Oslo stock market and the oil fund.Tourism: Tourism has grown strongly due to Norway's nature and culture, which has made cities such as Oslo and Bergen important tourist destinations.Health and education: High standards in health and education services contribute to the quality of life and the growth of the service sector.

https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/fin/id216/

Demographic challenges

Family policy

• Support for families: In order to stabilise the birth rate, Norway offers extensive family support, including parental leave, child benefit and subsidised childcare.
• Gender equality: Measures to promote gender equality in the workplace and in society help to ensure that both parents can remain professionally active.

Healthcare

• Healthcare for older people: Norway is investing in a robust healthcare system to cope with the growing needs of an ageing population.
• Preventive healthcare measures: Preventive health initiatives and promoting healthy lifestyles are key components of the strategy to reduce the burden on the healthcare system.

https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/aid/id165/

Grades in Norway

Unlike in Germany, grades are only given from the 8th grade onwards. These also range from 1 to 6, but in Norway 6 is the best grade and 1 is the worst.The school year in Norway is divided into two half-years.

Norsk hydro

Market presence: Norsk Hydro has a global presence with production facilities and distribution networks in Europe, North and South America and Asia.Sustainability: Hydro is committed to sustainable practices, including the promotion of recycled aluminium, the reduction of CO2 emissions and the responsible use of resources.Employees: The company employs around 31,000 people worldwide.Norsk Hydro stands for innovation and sustainability in aluminium production and energy generation and aims to maximise resource efficiency and minimise its environmental footprint.

Norsk Hydro is a leading aluminium and energy company based in Norway with global operations.Foundation: Norsk Hydro was founded in 1905 and is headquartered in Oslo, Norway.Services: The company is active in the entire aluminium value chain, from bauxite extraction and refining to aluminium production and the manufacture of aluminium products and solutions.Energy: Hydro also operates hydroelectric power plants and is one of the largest producers of renewable energy in Norway.

https://www.hydro.com/de-lu/global/uber-hydro/hydro-weltweit/europe/norway/

Fairness

• In Norway, it is considered fair that every member of society receives enough.
• Those who earn a lot pay higher taxes to support the less successful or fortunate.
• Equal access to education, healthcare and social security.
• Tax returns are published to show fairness and are available on the internet for 3 months.
• Anyone can easily view their neighbour's salary and tax amount.

Fisheries and aquaculture

Traditional fishing: Fishing has been a central part of the Norwegian economy and culture for centuries. Norway has a long coastline and rich fish stocks, which makes fishing a natural economic resource.Aquaculture growth: Since the 1970s, aquaculture, especially salmon farming, has taken on a significant role. Norway is now the world's largest producer of farmed salmon.Technological innovation: Norway has invested heavily in technology and research to develop sustainable and efficient methods for fisheries and aquaculture. This includes advances in feeding technology, disease control and genetic improvement.Sustainability initiatives: Sustainability is a central aspect of Norwegian fisheries and aquaculture policy. Measures to conserve fish stocks and reduce the environmental impact of aquaculture are widespread.

https://ggn.org/Magazine/PostView/aquaculture-in-norway

McDonalds

The American fast-food chain does not stop at Norway. There are over 80 McDonalds spread all over Norway.

Here are the typical Norwegian burgers:

https://www.mcdonalds.com/no/nb-no.htmlt

Christmas - Jul

• Afternoon of 24 December:
• families gather for Christmas dinner: Pinnekjøtt (salted, dried lamb stewed over birch trees), ribbe (roast pork belly), Lutefisk (stockfish marinated in caustic soda), Reindeer, a creamy rice pudding (risengrøt) and small biscuits

• Afterwards, presents are exchanged and the children realise that the Julenisse (Christmas elf) has left some surprises.
• 25 December: another opportunity for families to celebrate together
• 26 December: a day of relaxation

• The Christmas season in Norway doesn't start until December
• A Christmas tree is decorated with white lights, wooden ornaments and baked gingerbread hearts decorated with white icing and red ribbon. A wreath is hung on the door and a bundle of corn is hung outside for the birds

Advent

• Light plays an important role in the dark month of Advent
• On the fourth Sunday before Christmas, the first of the four candles of the Advent wreath is lit
• Religious symbolism of Christ, the light of the world and ...
• ... ancient tradition: placing a lit candle at the window to guide travellers through the long northern winter
• Today:
• Lights in the form of electric candle bridges or stars shine in the windows of almost every house.

• Lights are hung on fir trees in gardens and towns are decorated with lanterns.
• A welcoming candle (often in the snow) greets you at the door of every meeting

Norway's Gini index compared to other countries

Others Even though Norway's inequality measure is very low, it is very similar in other European countries. Other Scandinavian countries have a similarly low value. In 2021, this was 29.8 in Sweden and 28.3 in Denmark. In Germany, this value is currently 30.In the UK, on the other hand, this figure is 35 and in the USA it is as high as 42.This again shows that Norway is a very progressive country!

https://inomics.com/de/terms/gini-koeffizient-1473340

Long Term Orientation

Norway has a value of 55, which indicates a medium-term orientation in which both current and future goals are taken into account.

Germany is very similar at 57, which also indicates a balance between short-term and long-term planning and objectives.

Both countries have a similar orientation, with Germany being slightly more long-term orientated than Norway.

Union with Denmark

1500-1820

Norway was rather dependent on Denmark. But that's not all that makes Norway special: They had many resources like fish and iron. This was also often the reason for conflicts between Denmark and Sweden. In the 1760s, Denmark was no longer dependent on Norway and they founded a union with England. When Napoleon came and defeated Norway, they started the union with Sweden.

As can be clearly seen on the map, the most densely populated regions of Norway are in the south. This is particularly due to the climate and the poorer labour opportunities in the north. Hover over the pointer to see which regions are involved!

Orkla is a major Norwegian group active in various business areas, including consumer goods, chemicals and finance.Founded: Orkla was founded in 1654 and is headquartered in Oslo, Norway.Business areas: The company is divided into several divisions, including food and beverage manufacturing (such as food, confectionery, snacks, and beverages), as well as in chemical specialities and financial investments.

Market presence: Orkla has a strong presence in Norway and other Nordic countries and exports its products worldwide. Technology and innovation: The company invests in research and development to develop innovative products and solutions for the market.Sustainability: Orkla is committed to sustainable business practices and has set targets to reduce its environmental footprint and promote socially responsible behaviour.Employees: Orkla employs several thousand people worldwide, working in various areas such as production, sales, research and administration.Orkla is recognised for its variety of consumer products and its leading position in various markets in the Nordic region. The company strives to contribute to society and the environment through innovative products and sustainable practices.

https://www.orkla.com/

The Viking Era

800-1050

The Viking Age began with the attack on Lindisfarne Abbey in England. This is the first known Viking attack. Most of the time, the Vikings attacked what is now the island of Great Britain, and their targets varied. Firstly, they undertook many raids, as in the well-known stories. But trade and the exploration of new territories also brought the Vikings to the sea.

The end of the Viking Age happened due to social change. Europe defended itself against the Vikings, so the Viking rule came to an end.

Summary

• Fluctuations: The unemployment rate in Norway has shown significant fluctuations over the last two decades, influenced by internal and external economic factors.
• Times of crisis: Higher unemployment rates can be observed in times of crisis, especially during the 2008-2009 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Recovery phases: In the years between these crisis phases, the labour market shows signs of recovery with falling unemployment rates.
• Economic stability: Despite the fluctuations, the unemployment rate remained relatively low in many years, which indicates a strong and stable economy overall.

Overall, the unemployment rate in Norway shows resilience to economic crises, with periods of recovery and stability indicating an effective labour market policy and a robust economic base.

Trøndersk

• This dialect is spoken in the Trøndelag region, including the city of Trondheim.
• Trøndersk is known for its distinctive vowel changes and special grammatical structures.

Behaviour

Appearance

• very often quite good-natured
• in the past, they were often picked up by clever farm boys
• possess supernatural powers
• often playful
• there are also evil and dangerous types of trolls

• hairier than humans and very shaggy

• have a tail on their buttocks that makes them look like a cow's arse
• very long nose, which is so long that they even use it for cooking or stirring soups or troll porridge

Scheduling

All businesses follow timetables, but in some cultures such as India, Brazil, and Italy, people treat the schedule as a suggestion, while others stick to the agenda (such as Switzerland Germany, and the USA). This metric looks at how much value you place on being structured versus reactive. It is based on the "monochronic" (linear) and "polychronic" (flexible) distinction formalized by Edward Hall.

Source: Tour the World

Regional distribution of the population

• West (Bærum, Asker): Affluent, densely populated suburbs with a high quality of life.
• North-east (Romerike): Combination of urban centres and rural areas
• Southeast (Follo): More rural with smaller towns and villages.

Regional distribution of the population

• Urban areas (Bergen): Densely populated, with a wide range of services, culture and education.
• Coastal regions: Smaller towns and villages, often linked to the maritime sector.
• Rural areas (inland): Less densely populated, strongly characterised by agriculture, with a focus on tourism.

New Year's Eve - Nyttårsaften

• New Year's Eve is celebrated with fireworks, in larger cities there are public events, but most people get together at home with family and friends.
• In contrast to most countries, people in Norway do not wait until midnight to set off the fireworks; fireworks are set off throughout the evening.
• From around 11.30pm there is a chaotic cacophony of noise and colour as the whole neighbourhood celebrates.

Leading

This scale measures the degree of respect and deference shown to authority figures, placing people on a spectrum between the egalitarian and the hierarchical. The former include the US and Israel, while countries such as China, Russia, France, and Japan are hierarchical. The metric is based on the concept of power distance, first researched by Geert Hofstede, who conducted 100,000 management surveys at IBM in the 1970s, and on the work of Professors Robert House and Mansour Javidan in their The Globe Study of 62 Societies.

Source: Tour the World

Labour market

Unemployment rate:

• Norway: Unemployment rate was around 3.4%in 2023 .
• Germany: The unemployment rate in 2023 was around 5.6% .

Labour market structure:

• Norway:High employment rate in the public sector and offshore industry.
• Germany: Strong industrial base with high employment in the automotive industry and mechanical engineering.

Shell

Petrol stations are also important for Norway. The Dutch company Shell owns around 340 petrol stations in Norway.

https://www.shell.no/

Unemployment and structural change:

Like many other countries, Norway is facing the challenges of structural change, which is influenced by technological developments and global competitiveness. This has an impact on jobs and the unemployment rate, particularly in regions that are heavily dependent on traditional industries.

This video gives you a brief overview of the trolls. For more detailed knowledge, you can take a look at the other tiles.

Herring

Herring from Norway is exported in various forms, including fresh herring, smoked herring, pickled herring and other processed forms such as herring salad.The main markets for Norwegian herring include Europe (especially Germany, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries), North America and other international markets that value the quality and versatility of Norwegian herring.

https://norwegianseafoodcouncil.com/de/uber-uns/uber-uns/

What are trolls?

• Trolls are several types of human-like creatures in Norse folklore and fairy tales with roots in Norse mythology.
• Both the appearance and the characteristics vary - but trolls are usually dangerous and stupid.
• Trolls include:

· colossal jotners and giants (evil giants)· small goblins, dwarves and other subterranean mythical creatures

• they often live in inaccessible and unspoilt nature:

· for example in mountain caves, in forests or in the sea

Disagreeing

Everyone knows a little open disagreement is healthy, right? The recent American business literature certainly confirms this viewpoint. But different cultures have very different ideas about how productive confrontation is for a team or organization. Countries like China, Japan, and India view the public airing of disagreement very dimly, while the US, France, and the Netherlands are quite comfortable having spirited, confrontational meetings. This scale measures how you view open disagreement - whether you feel it is likely to improve group dynamics or negatively impact team relationships.

Source: Tour the World

Vehicles and vehicle parts

Norway is the world leader in electric vehicles (EVs). A significant proportion of imported vehicles are electric cars originating from countries such as Germany, the USA, Japan and South Korea. Norway's policy of promoting electric vehicles through tax incentives and other benefits has greatly increased the demand for EV imports.

Norway's focus on sustainability also extends to the automotive sector. Imports of vehicles often include low-emission models, hybrid vehicles and vehicles with alternative powertrains. This supports the national goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting environmentally friendly mobility.

https://www.allianzdirect.de/kfz-versicherung/auto-importieren-ratgeber/

Why is the Gini index so low?

Social safety net:Norway has a strong welfare system with extensive social benefits, including unemployment benefits, health insurance and pensions, which help to reduce income inequality.Progressive tax system:A progressive tax system ensures that wealthier people pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes. This contributes to the redistribution of income and supports public services and social programmes.

Education and the labour market:A well-developed education system and a functioning labour market with a high employment rate contribute to income equality. Educational opportunities are widely accessible, which leads to a better distribution of qualifications and income.Trade unions and collective bargaining:Strong trade unions and collective bargaining ensure fair wages and working conditions, which helps to reduce income inequality.Gender equality:Norway has made progress on gender equality, leading to a fairer distribution of income between men and women.

https://inomics.com/de/terms/gini-koeffizient-1473340

Janteloven

The ten rules of Janteloven are:

• You should not believe that you are something special.
• You should not believe that you are equal to us.
• You should not believe that you are smarter than us.
• You should not imagine that you are better than us.
• You should not believe that you know more than we do.
• You should not believe that you are worth more than us.
• You should not believe that you are good for anything.
• You should not laugh at us.
• You should not believe that anyone cares about you.
• Don't believe that you can teach us anything.

"Janteloven" was "invented" by the Danish writer Aksel Sandemose in his 1933 novel "A Fugitive Crosses His Trail".

The Jante Law describes the socio-cultural "code" of behaviour and is voluntary. The Jante Law basically contains a directive and urgent recommendation that no one should elevate themselves above others.

It is important to emphasise that Janteloven is a critical, often ironic description and not necessarily an accurate reflection of contemporary Scandinavian society.

Holidays in Norway

• May/June: Whit Sunday
• May/June: Whit Monday
• June 23: Midsummer´s Eve
• End Oktober: Day of Penance and Prayer
• Oktober/Nov.: All Saints´ Day
• November: First Sunday in Advent
• December 13: Saint Lucy
• December 24: Christmas Eve
• December 25: Christmas Day
• December 26: Boxing Day

• January 1: New Year´s Day
• Feb./March: Sunday bevore Lent
• March/April: ​ Holy Thursday
• March/April: Good Friday
• March/April: Easter Day
• March/April: Easter Monday
• May: Ascension Day
• May 1: Labor Day
• May 8: Liberation Day 1945

• May 17: Constitution Day

Midsummer - Sankthans

• Midsummers's Eve is on 23 June
• Midsummer - the height of summer - is a time for celebration.
• It is the longest day of the year, when the sun barely sets in the south and has not set for weeks in the far north.
• This is a time full of magic:

• Trees speak
• Trolls run amok
• Elves play steriche

• The neighbourhood gathers and celebrates with big bonfires.
• There are pølser (sausages), the children play and folk music is played. Many go out in boats to enjoy the spectacle of the bonfires lighting up the coast.

Individualism

Norway is very similar with a score of 81, indicating a strongly individualistic culture where personal independence and personal responsibility are emphasised.

Germany has a high individualism score of 79, which reflects a strongly individualistic society in which personal goals and rights are important.

Both countries are highly individualistic, with Norway being slightly more individualistic than Germany.

Oil and natural gas

Norway is the second largest oil producer in Europe and the fourth largest producer of natural gas. Norway is the world's thirteenth largest producer of crude oil. However, the maximum amount produced was already reached in 2001. Norway currently supplies around 3% of the world's oil production. Norway collects a large part of the proceeds in an oil fund in order to be prepared for the time after oil production. To date, over 830 billion euros (NOK 8,250 billion) have been invested in the Norwegian Oil Fund.

Norway's value and comparison with other countries

Norway: HDI of 0.961Switzerland: HDI of 0.955Ireland: HDI of 0.955Germany: HDI of 0.947Iceland: HDI of 0.972

The three Billy Goats Bruse - Bukkene Bruse

There are many different troll stories, here is a short one called "Bukkene Bruse". You can enlarge and read the story below or read the story directly at the source in the bottom right-hand corner.

Tales of Akeladden

"Peer Gynt"

Medievial Time - Power Gained and Lost

1050-1400

In this time there were severel civil wars in Norway. While King Hâcon VI took the church under control, he turned Norway into an monarchy. In this time Greenland and Iceland were both under Norway's reign. Norway also got problems with the black death in 1349. Two thirds of the inhabitants were victims of the plague. This era ended with the death of King Hâcon.

National Day - Grunnlovsdag

• 17 May 1814: the Norwegian constitution was established
• Parade of all schoolchildren singing traditional songs and waving flags

• Afterwards, the "Russ" parade through the streets in their colourful uniforms
• Followed by the citizens, members of churches, football teams, clubs and bands, everyone is represented, and the Norwegian flag flies everywhere.

• After the parade there are refreshments and entertainment for the children in the schools, families gather and enjoy a good meal.

• Bunad (the traditional Norwegian costume) is worn, varying in colour and design from region to region:
• Women: an embroidered woollen skirt and waistcoat, perhaps with a cap, scarf or white apron, silver jewellery (belts, buckles and ornaments)
• Men: a shirt, a black jacket, knee-length trousers and stockings

Geiranger Fjord (4)

Geiranger Fjord is Norway's most famous fjord and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.It is located about 200 km north-east of Bergen and about 280 km north-west of Oslo in the province of Møre og Romsdal. It is about 15 kilometres long and between 0.6 and 1.3 kilometres wide. Click on the link below for more information:

https://www.visitnorway.de/reiseziele/fjord-norwegen/der-geirangerfjord/

What is the Human Development Index?

ClassificationCountries are classified into four categories based on their HDI:

• Very high human development (HDI of 0.800 and higher)
• High human development (HDI from 0.700 to 0.799)
• Medium human development (HDI from 0.550 to 0.699)
• Low human development (HDI below 0.550)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index developed by the United Nations (UN) to measure and compare human well-being in different countries around the world. It takes into account not only economic growth, but also issues such as education and health.The components of the HDI include

1. Life expectancy at birth
2. Educational attainment
3. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita

Importance of the HDIThe HDI provides a useful basis for comparison to assess the development progress of countries and to inform policy decisions. It goes beyond the simple measure of economic growth and also takes into account the social and human aspects of development.

The HDI is calculated as follows:The HDI is calculated by combining the three dimensions of life expectancy, education and standard of living (GNI per capita). Each of these dimensions is standardised on a scale from 0 to 1, and the HDI itself is also between 0 and 1. The higher the HDI, the higher the level of human development in a country.

https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI

2016: ~ 3.55%

Inflation rose again from 2012 to 2016, reaching 3.55% in 2016, which could indicate a recovery in the economy or rising prices for key goods.

Mount Floyen and the Funicular (1)

A train will take you from Bergen to the top of the mountain in about six minutes. From up there, you get a breathtaking view over the city.For more information click on the link below.

https://en.visitbergen.com/things-to-do/floibanen-funicular-p822813

Religions in Norway

(31 December 2019)

Tourism

Tourism is one of the most important sources of income for Norway. Due to its diverse nature, tourists come to Norway all year round. Germany is the largest group of visitors, ahead of Sweden and Great Britain. Norway is a true paradise for anglers in particular.

Evangelic Lutheran Church

• Largest religious community with a membership of about 70% of the population
• Only 10% of members regularly attend religious services and church activities
• Especially popular for baptisms, weddings and funerals
• Men and women have equal rights holding position in church
• Stave churches are wooden churches, of which there were around 2000 in the Middle Ages. They are now very popular, but there are only 28 left in Norway.

Equality

• Norway leads the world in gender equality (according to the United Nations Human Development Report)
• Norway has made great strides in gender equality and is one of :
• 1913: right to vote for women
• 1981: first female prime minister
• 2018: women occupy the most important government posts
• Laws ensure that women are represented in decision-making processes and protect the labour rights of pregnant women and young mothers.
• Paternity leave is generously regulated, which encourages mothers to work.

• Women make up almost half of the government and 60 per cent of university graduates and are represented in traditionally male occupations.

• Women earn on average only 85 per cent of men's salaries and continue to bear the main responsibility for the household and children - there is still a need for action to achieve full equality

2022: ~ 5.76%2023: ~5.52%

Inflation in Norway peaked around 2022, due to both the after-effects of the economy being exhausted by the pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The conflict led to significant disruptions in global supply chains and caused sharp fluctuations in energy prices, driving up the cost of many goods and services.

Weak growth prospects:

The Norwegian economy faces challenges in terms of long-term economic growth, as the outlook for gross domestic product (GDP) growth is subdued, partly due to the factors mentioned above and demographic trends.

Norwegian flag days

• Whitsunday

• 7 June – Union Dissolution Day 1905
• 4 July – Queen Sonja's birthday
• 20 July – Crown Prince Haakon Magnus's birthday
• 29 July – Olsok. (Olav's Mass. In memory of King Olav Haraldsson (the Holy), who died in the battle of Stiklestad 29 July 1030)
• 19 August – Crown Princess Mette-Marit's birthday
• Second Monday of September every 4 years – General election
• 25 December – 1st Christmas Day

• January – New Year's Day
• 21 January – Princess Ingrid Alexandra's birthday
• 6 February – The Sami National Day. (An official flag day both for the Sami people and for the whole of Norway.)
• 21 February – King Harald V's birthday
• 16 March – The Kven National Day. (An official flag day for the Kven people.)
• Easter Sunday
• 1 May – Labour Day
• 8 May – Liberation Day 1945
• 17 May – Constitution Day 1814 (National Day)

Power Distance

Norway has a power distance score of 31, which indicates a flat hierarchy and an egalitarian society in which power differences are minimised.

Germany has a value of 35, which also indicates a low power distance, but shows a slightly greater acceptance of hierarchies compared to Norway.

Both countries have a low power distance, but Germany is slightly more accepting of hierarchies than Norway.

Food and agricultural products

Norway imports a wide range of food and agricultural products, including fruit, vegetables, meat, cereals, dairy products, fish and processed foods. These imports are necessary to meet the demand of the Norwegian population, especially for products that cannot be grown or produced domestically due to the climate and geographical conditions.Although Norway is a major exporter of fish and seafood, it also imports fish products. These imports include special types of fish and processed fish products that are not produced in sufficient quantities domestically.

https://www.toll.no/en/goods/food/importing-foodstuffs/

Marie from Germany

Age 17

Marie is originally from Berlin and reports that school in Norway is too easy for her. She has already skipped a grade and still encounters subjects that she already had at school. What she considers positive, however, is the variety of practical tasks in the subjects of biology and geography. The way in which staff are dealt with is also noted positively. Teachers and students address each other by their first names and the subjects can be chosen freely.

https://www.gls-sprachenzentrum.de/616_norwegen_erfahrungsberichte/erfahrungsbericht_schueleraustausch/norwegen_194.html

Østnorsk

• Spoken in the region around Oslo and in the eastern parts of Norway.
• These dialects are closest to the official written language Bokmål and often have less drastic differences in pronunciation compared to other regions.

Nils from Germany

He also reports on new subjects: In "Mat og helse" you deal with food and health, in "Kunst og håndverk" you can make things in different ways (e.g. from glass, with wood, in collages, by crocheting,...) and "Samfunnsfag" is a mixture of politics, history and geography. But he also describes the school level as too easy. He came from 9th grade in Germany to 10th grade in Norway and felt like he was back in 7th grade.

Nils talks about a relaxed student/teacher relationship. Also, Nils talks about shorter lessons than in Germany. In Norway, school starts at 8.20am and ends at 2.00pm. A single lesson lasts between 35-70 minutes on average.One thing that is also different from Germany is digitalisation. In Norway, for example, everyone is given their own computer by the school and most homework is handed in online. However, according to Nils, mobile phone regulations are somewhat stricter than he is used to in Germany.

https://www.dfsr.de/plane-deinen-austausch/student-stories/unsere-schuelerbeauftragten/erfahrungen/high-school/nils-in-norwegen

Nordnorsk

• Spoken in the north of Norway, including the regions of Nordland, Troms and Finnmark
• Characterised by the frequent use of retroflexes and specific vocabulary that is unknown in other parts of Norway.

The word dugnad (pronounced Dügnad), from the Old Norwegian word for help, has - significantly - no simple equivalent in our country.

Dugnad

A dugnad can take many forms, such as:

• Maintenance and cleaning: Community maintenance of residential areas, playgrounds, schools or sports facilities.
• Construction projects: Construction or renovation of community buildings or structures.
• Events: Organisation and implementation of local festivals, sporting events or cultural events.
• Nature conservation: collecting rubbish in the countryside or maintaining footpaths and parks.

In practice, dugnad means that neighbours, friends or members of a community meet at a set time and work together without being paid. The work is often followed by a meal or a celebration to strengthen cohesion and honour the work that has been done.

Russ

Anyone who has the Abitur in their pocket is now a russ. All russ girls and russ boys show this by wearing certain caps. There are also many russ celebrations. They culminate and end on 17 May, the bank holiday. There is often a children's parade followed by a russ parade.Red russ (rødruss) and blue russ (blåruss) are distinguished by the colour of their clothing. The red russ graduated from grammar school, the blue russ from a commercial grammar school.

Each russ also has his or her own business card. Russ cars, which are painted red or blue, are also part of the tradition. The word "russ" originally means "to push off one's horns". This in turn has to do with the fact that new students in Copenhagen (where Norwegians had to study for a long time because they didn't have their own university) were given a horn that they were allowed to wear when they passed their A-levels.

Oil dependency and energy price fluctuations:

Norway is heavily dependent on oil and gas exports, which means that fluctuations in energy prices can have a significant impact on the economy. This was particularly evident during the oil price crisis from 2014, when prices fell sharply and reduced the Norwegian oil industry's income.

Communicating

This scale measures the degree to which cultures are high- or low-context, a metric developed by the anthropologist Edward Hall.

In low-context cultures at the far left of the spectrum (such as the USA and Germany), good communication is precise, simple, explicit, and clear. Messages are expressed and understood at face value. Repetition and putting messages in writing is appreciated, in order to clarify the communication.

In high-context cultures (such as Japan, India, and France), communication is sophisticated, nuanced, and layered. Messages are both spoken and read between the lines. Less is put in writing and more is left for verbal interpretation.

Source: Tour the World

History

High up in the far north, where the Arctic Ocean crashes its waves against the gigantic rock faces, lies the land of the trolls! It is a very, very vast and elongated land! Nowadays, masses of ice and snow can only be found there in winter, but in the past the entire area was covered by a gigantic glacier.

• Not known exactly when or where they first appeared
• Since the Middle Ages already in first written sources and legends
• In people's minds for much longer
• repeatedly used in fairy tales, myths and art

Patience

• Patience is an important virtue in Norwegian culture and waiting is taken for granted
• For example, there are automated waiting systems where customers are served with numbered tickets in the order in which they arrive
• These systems ensure fair processing, but do not guarantee fast service
• Long queues are accepted calmly, while foreign customers often react impatiently
• Norwegians seem to wait patiently even when service is slow, regardless of the situation.

Motivation towards Achievement and Success

Norway has a very low score of 8, which indicates a culture in which quality of life and cooperation are prioritised over competition and success.

Germany, on the other hand, has a significantly higher score of 66, which indicates a culture in which success, competition and performance play an important role.

Germany places much more emphasis on competition and performance than Norway, which has a culture that emphasises cooperation and quality of life.

Background

Geographical situation: The Barents Sea and the Arctic are rich in natural gas deposits. These areas are located in both Norwegian and Russian territorial waters. Europe's energy dependence: Europe is heavily dependent on natural gas imports, especially from Russia. Norway is the second largest supplier of natural gas to Europe after Russia.

Living standard and social policy

Living standard:

• Norway: High living standard, high per capita income and extensive social benefits. Norway has one of the highest Human Development Indices (HDI) worldwide.
• Germany: Also high living standard, but with greater regional differences. Strong social system and healthcare.

Social benefits:

• Norway: Comprehensive welfare system funded by oil and gas revenues. Strong state pension and healthcare systems.
• Germany: Comprehensive social system with statutory pension, health and unemployment insurance.

Regional distribution of the population

• Urban areas (Bergen): Densely populated, with a wide range of services, culture and education.
• Coastal regions: Smaller towns and villages, often linked to the maritime sector.
• Rural areas (inland): Less densely populated, strongly characterised by agriculture, with a focus on tourism.

The distribution is therefore the same as in Hordaland

What is the Gini index?

The Gini index, also known as the Gini coefficient, is a measure of the unequal distribution of income or wealth within a population. It was developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini and is a common tool in economic research and the social sciences for quantifying income and wealth inequality.

https://studyflix.de/wirtschaft/gini-koeffizient-898

Nokia

The Finnish company Nokia also has a place in Norway. Nokia is represented in Norway through various activities and locations, particularly in the field of telecommunications and network solutions, which can be found in Oslo and Bergen, among other places.

https://www.hmd.com/no_no

Vestnorsk

• These dialects are spoken on the west coast of Norway, in regions such as Bergen, Stavanger and the fjord areas.
• West Norwegian dialects are known for their melodic intonation and the use of Old Norse influences.

The challenges

Norway:

• Dependence on oil and gas revenues.
• Demographic challenges with an ageing population.
• Diversification of the economy and promotion of new industries.

Germany:

• Demographic change and shortage of skilled labour.
• Transition to a sustainable energy supply and reduction of dependence on fossil fuels.
• Integration and digitalisation in traditional industries.

Troll in Netflix movie

Trolls on the Internet

Trolls in Disney movie

Easter - Påske

During Lent, birch branches are brought into the house and decorated with feathers. The buds, which burst into green shoots, symbolise the approaching spring.

• Not only a religious festival, but also a popular five-day public holiday in Norway
• Towns are often deserted
• People head to their cabins in the mountains to ski for the last time this year
• Those who stay at home may start spring cleaning, renovating the outside or preparing their boats for the return to the water.

Main aspects of the conflict

Competition for resources:Both countries have an interest in developing gas reserves in the Arctic. This has led to tensions regarding the exact boundaries and rights to exploration and extraction.Border agreement from 2010: In 2010, Norway and Russia signed an agreement that ended a decades-long dispute over border demarcation in the Barents Sea. This agreement divides the area into two equal parts and regulates the rights to extract resources.Different approaches to development:Norway has strict environmental regulations and favours sustainable development, while Russia often has less stringent environmental regulations, leading to different approaches to resource development.

Geopolitical tensions:The geopolitical tensions between the West and Russia, particularly following the annexation of Crimea and the conflict in Ukraine, also have an impact on energy policy and cooperation. As a NATO member, Norway has a strategic role to play here.

Sanctions and their effects: Western sanctions against Russia have affected cooperation in the energy sector. This affects joint projects and technology transfer, which is necessary for the development of the difficult Arctic regions.

Key points:

• Oil and gas: One of the largest producers in the North Sea and worldwide.
• Renewable energies: Significant investment in offshore wind projects.
• Sustainability: Target of CO2 neutrality by 2050, investments in CO2 reduction technologies.
• Technology: Use of advanced technologies to optimise production and reduce environmental impact.

Equinor is committed to innovation and sustainable practices to meet the challenges of the global energy market.

Equinor is a leading Norwegian energy company based in Stavanger, specialising in the production of oil, gas and renewable energy. Founded in 1972 as Statoil and renamed in 2018, Equinor is one of the largest offshore oil and gas producers in the world and invests heavily in offshore wind farms.

https://www.equinor.de/ueber-uns

Indulgence

Norway has a score of 55, indicating a more indulgent culture where enjoying life and fulfilling desires play an important role.

Germany has a lower score of 40, indicating a more restrained culture in which self-discipline and control over personal desires are more strongly emphasised.

Norway is overall more indulgent and enjoyment-orientated than Germany, which shows more self-discipline and restraint.

Globalisation and trade

Trade policy: Norway is strongly integrated into global trade and pursues an open trade policy. It is a member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the European Economic Area (EEA), which enables free access to the EU single market.WTO membership: As a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), Norway actively participates in global trade negotiations and is committed to open markets and fair trade.

https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/nfd/id709/

Persuading

This scale measures a preference for inductive versus deductive arguments.

Individuals from Southern European and Germanic cultures tend to find deductive reasoning more persuasive. They start with general principles or theories before giving specific examples. They emphasise understanding the theoretical foundations. (Also called holistic/principle-first)

Americans and British managers typically prefer an inductive style. They start with specific examples and practical applications before explaining general principles. The focus is on practical implementation. (Also called specific/application-first)

Source: Tour the World

Vigeland Park (3)

The Vigeland Park is a park full of sculptures. It was founded by Gustav Vigeland. The sculptures are made of granite, bronze, and wrought iron. Most of the statues were constructed between 1940 and 1949, but it took over 40 years to complete the park. Click on the link for more information.

https://vigeland.museum.no/en/vigelandpark

Culture is defined as ...

... the collective mental programming of the human mind that distinguishes one group of people from another.

• This programming influences thought patterns and the importance people attach to different aspects of life and manifests itself in the institutions of a society.
• Although not all people in a society are the same, we can still make country judgements based on large numbers.
• Such assessments are generalisations and only make sense when compared to other countries.

Research

Research funding: Norway invests heavily in research and development (R&D). Public and private funds flow into various research programmes and projects to promote innovation and increase competitiveness.Technology centres and clusters: The country has several technology centres and innovation clusters that promote research and collaboration between universities, research institutions and industry. Examples include Oslo Science City and the NCE Seafood Innovation Cluster.International co-operation: Norway is actively involved in international research projects and networks. It participates in programmes such as Horizon Europe and cooperates closely with other Nordic countries and global research institutions.

https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/kd/id586/

friluftsliv - living in free nature

expressing spirituality

• very varied nature (mountain, forest, lake, fjords)
• instinctive love and respect for nature
• a third own a 2nd house (hytte) in the countryside to be there at weekends or on vacation
• å få fred og ro - to find peace and calm:

advantage of fresh, clean air is valued

• very popular:
• å gå på tur - to go for a walk
• å gå på ski - to go crosscountry skiing
• Boating and fishing

friluftsliv

fri - free luft - air liv - life

The concept of Friluftsliv - or "living in the great outdoors" - is typically Norwegian.

• Friluftsliv is not just a term. There is a philosophy behind it. A lifestyle.
• "When we manage to consciously absorb the beauty of nature, we feel a sense of satisfaction".

Synnevåg Løvoll explains that the five approaches to well-being can all be found in Friluftsliv:

• Reach out to others (for example by doing something together)
• Being active (hiking, cycling, rowing, etc.)
• Being attentive (being curious, noticing beautiful things)
• Staying eager to learn (trying out a new activity or a new path)
• Making a contribution (for example by enabling others to enjoy time in nature)

Regional distribution of the population

• Trondheim: The largest city and economic centre of the region with around 200,000 inhabitants. It has the highest population density in Trøndelag.
• Other towns: Smaller towns such as Steinkjer, Namsos and Levanger provide important services and jobs.
• Rural areas: The majority of Trøndelag consists of rural municipalities with lower population densities, such as Røros and Verdal.
• Demographics: Trøndelag has an older population, as younger people often move to the cities. The region attracts both internal migrants and international migrants.
• Economy and tourism: The region is known for agriculture, fishing and tourism, especially due to its natural environment.

Watch the video for explanation on map projections.

Uncertainty Avoidance

Norway has a score of 50, indicating a moderate tendency towards uncertainty avoidance, where certain uncertainties are accepted and flexible rules dominate.

Germany has a higher score of 65, indicating a stronger tendency towards uncertainty avoidance, with a preference for clear rules and structures to minimise uncertainty.

Germany has a higher tendency to avoid uncertainty than Norway and favours clearer structures and rules.

Sustainability

Climate neutrality: Norway has committed to becoming climate neutral by 2030. This includes the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the promotion of renewable energies.CO2 capture and storage (CCS): Norway is a pioneer in CO2 capture and storage. Projects such as the Langskip project aim to capture CO2 emissions from industry and store them safely under the seabed.Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture: The Norwegian fisheries and aquaculture industry is focussing on sustainable practices to protect marine resources and secure long-term yields.Green technology and innovation: Norway invests in green technologies and promotes innovation through programmes such as "Green Growth" and "Innovation Norway". These initiatives support the development of sustainable products and services.

https://www.visitnorway.de/info/uber-innovation-norway/

Petroleum products

Although Norway is one of the world's largest producers of crude oil and natural gas, the country also imports significant quantities of refined petroleum products such as petrol, diesel and other petrochemical products. This is necessary to cover the specific demand for refinery capacity and certain product qualities that are not produced entirely domestically.The main suppliers of petroleum products to Norway are other European countries, in particular the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom. These countries have well-developed refining industries and can supply high-quality products.

https://tecex.com/countries/import-into-norway/

IKEA

The Swedish company IKEA has expanded its stores worldwide. Including in Norway.There are several IKEA shops located in different cities. Here are some of the larger locations:

• Oslo
• Bergen
• Stavanger
• Trondheim
• Kristiansand
• Fredrikstad

https://www.ikea.com/de/de/this-is-ikea/about-us/

Life expectancy in Norway

As shown in the graph, the standard of living in Norway is very high. This is also reflected in the HDI, including a well-developed social system, excellent public services and a strong economy.(If you want to look at the graphic again click on the button!)

Also Norway offers comprehensive and high-quality healthcare, which contributes to the high life expectancy.

Energy and environment

Energy production:

• Norway: One of the world's largest exporters of oil and gas. High utilisation of renewable energies, especially hydropower.
• Germany: Imports a large proportion of its energy requirements, but has a strong focus on expanding renewable energies such as wind and solar.

Environmental policy:

• Norway: Strict environmental regulations and a pioneer in the promotion of renewable energies. Targets for reducing CO2 emissions and promoting electromobility.
• Germany: Ambitious environmental targets, energy transition policy to reduce coal and promote renewable energies.

School Vacation

Except from the traditional holidays there are also the school vacations:

• holiday are on Christmas and Easter
• also Summer holidays from end of June till mid-August.
• one week winter holidays between Feb. and March
• one week fall holidays between September and October.

Santa Lucia

• On 13 December, the primary school pupils celebrate the feast of Santa Lucia
• Santa Lucia is a young girl from Roman times who suffered for her faith
• The children are dressed in white with silver tinsel in their hair
• They carry candles to represent faith and light in the darkness of winter
• Parents and guests are often invited to the school and the children sing special songs

Deciding

We often assume that the most egalitarian cultures in the world will also be the most consensual, and that the most hierarchical ones are those where the boss makes unilateral decisions. This is not always the case. The Japanese are both strongly hierarchical and one of the most consensual cultures in the world. The Germans are more hierarchical than Americans but also more likely to make decisions through group consensus. This scale explores differences between building group agreement and relying on an individual (usually the boss) to make decisions.

Source: Tour the World

Trusting

Here we balance cognitive trust (from the head) with affective trust (from the heart).

In a relationship-based society, like Brazil, Japan, or India, trust is a result of weaving a personal, affective connection. (We have laughed together, shared time relaxing together, gotten to know each other at a deep personal level - so I trust you.)

In task-based cultures, like the US, Britain, and Germany, trust is built through work. (We work well together, we like each other's work, we like each other - so I trust you.)

Source: Tour the World

Educational attainment in Norway

Average years of schooling: The average number of years that adults aged 25 and over have spent in school is around 13 years.Expected years of schooling: The number of years of formal schooling that a child of school age is expected to complete is around 18 years.(You can find more information on this slide(Click the button))

The education system in Norway is well developed and offers wide access to quality education, which leads to high school attendance rates.

Environment and sustainability:

Norway has relied heavily on its natural resources, particularly oil and gas, which raises questions about sustainability and the need to diversify the economy to reduce environmental impacts and respond to future energy trends.