Copy - Learning Theory part 2

Learning Theories part 2

Sociocultural

Lev Vygotsky

Characteristics

Role of Memory

• Potential comes from the enculturation of students.
• The utilizations and understanding of language could be sooner than some developmental stages express
• Play, dialogue, and interactions shape the individual's cultured development in sociogenetic ways.
• Formal education is a key factor

The role of memory in this theory is mostly derived from executive functioning in the brain. It is the ability for a student to process small amounts of information and utilize it in the moment. The ability to have executive functioning, learning, and complete cognitive associated tasks are associated with working memory within the brain.

How Learning Occurs

Learning occurs through interactions with information, dialogue, and play, in early years. Higher level learning can occur when using instructional practices. Culture can shape and change the development and growth of children.

Types of Learning

The types of learning associated with sociocultural theory are; direct instruction, due to the ability to "pull" a student up into higher levels, collaborative interaction, where students can learn from one another, also inquiry based where students must work to find answers with the support of other students and guidance from a teacher.

Learning Theories part 2

Connectivism

Edward Thorndike

Characteristics

• Law of readiness is connected to the nervous system being ready to work, not the brain ready for learning.
• Law of Exercise connected to how often, how strenuous, and how long someone interacts to make a connection
• Law of Effect The connection is better with positive interaction and weaker with negative interactions

Role of Memory

The role of memory within this theory is that all learning should connect to many areas within the brain, not stay in one area. Transfer must occur to allow short term information to become long term. New information needs to connect to past knowledge.

How Learning Occurs

Learning occurs through satisfying interactions with information and other individuals. It is also habit forming according to this theory. Reinforcement of new learning is important for retention and memorization is deemed ineffective.

Types of Learning

The types of learning associated with connectionism are direct instruction with satisfying interaction, with a classroom that is set up for associations and connections for students. This can connect to hands on learning where students feel satisfied, and interactions are high with others in the classroom.

Learning Theories part 2

Adult Learning Theory

Alexander Kapp/ Simpson

Characteristics

Role of Memory

• Self-reflection, the development of character, and learning are the most important parts of life.

• Learning occurs from instruction and in real-life situations.

• Personal desire to learn and understand why is key

The role of memory within this theory is connection to background knowledge. This supports the connection and the long-term memorization of new information. Additionally, repetition of use with the new information supports the understanding and synapse firing within the brain with new connections.

How Learning Occurs

Learning occurs through self-direction. Learners in adulthood have internal motivation to learn something for themselves. Additionally knowing why, they are learning something supports their retention and desire to learn new information.

Types of Learning

The type of learning connected to this is inquiry based where they are in the driver seat of the learning. Adults need to know the why of their learning before they decide to. It also connects to problem-based learning in adults desiring to solve problems.

References

Cowan N. (2014). Working Memory Underpins Cognitive Development, Learning, and Education. Educational psychology review, 26(2), 197–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-013-9246-y Henschke A. (2016). A history of andragogy and its documents as they pertain to adult basic and literacy education. PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning volume (25). https://www.iup.edu/pse/files/programs/graduate_programs_r/instructional_design_and_technology_ma/paace_journal_of_lifelong_learning/volume_25,_2016/henschke-1.pdf Ornstein A., & Hunkins F. (2017). Curriculum; foundations, principles, and issues (7th ed.). Person. https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9780134058801/epub/OPS/xhtml/cover.html#