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PUB_What is MCI?

Deborah Kan

Created on July 28, 2024

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Transcript

The guide to

What is mild cognitive impairment?

What is MCI
Treatment Options
Risk factors and diagnosis

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What is mild cognitive impairment?

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is when someone suffers from noticeable changes in cognitive abilities that are greater than expected with normal aging, but not severe enough to interfere with independent function.Contrary to popular belief, MCI is not a disease. It is a term used to describe a person's cognitive status based on cognitive tests, medical history, or other evaluation methods.

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Symptoms of mild cognitive impairment

Attention & focus

Judgement & decision-making
Language issues
Memory lapses
Depression
Sleep issues
Hormonal changes

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MCI versus Alzheimer's

MCI and early-stage Alzheimer's share similar symptoms such as brain fog and memory problems. MCI can be caused by a variety of health conditions, while Alzheimer's and dementia are almost always caused by a disease that affects the brain.

Similar Symptoms

Different Outlook

If you’re struggling with cognitive issues like brain fog or memory problems, it might be Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).MCI can affect memory (amnestic MCI) or other cognitive functions like speech, language, focus, and navigation.

While MCI shares symptoms with Alzheimer’s and other dementias, its symptoms are less severe. Also, unlike Alzheimer's, one in four cases of MCI can be reversed.

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How is MCI Diagnosed?

Being Patient interviewed neuropsychologist Emily Paolillo about the link between MCI and dementia, the process of seeking an MCI diagnosis, and the role of diagnostic tools like blood tests while concurrently addressing the influence of lifestyle factors on cognitive health following an MCI diagnosis.

Expert Perspective

"So, typically, we have some criteria to determine what is mild versus what’s more severe. At the more severe stage, we would call that dementia. Both of those things characterize the severity of cognitive impairment, but MCI is really defined by a mild level of cognitive impairment where you can still function independently. This means that maybe the person is noticing cognitive changes..."

Emily Paolillo, PhDAssistant Professor, UCSF Memory and Aging Center

LEarn More

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Risk factors for MCI

Risk increases with age, particularly for those over 65.
Cardiovascular health factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity.
Family history and genetic predisposition such as the presence of the APOE4 gene.

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How is MCI diagnosed?

Medical history

Cognitive testing

An detailed evaluation of both personal and family medical history.

Neuropsychological tests to assess memory and other cognitive functions.

Brain scans

Physical examination

MRI or CT scans to probe for potential brain abnormalities.

To rule out other conditions that might cause cognitive impairment.

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Living with the uncertainty after an MCI diagnosis

Retired psychotherapist Leah Fisher shares how she learned to live with the uncertainty of mild cognitive impairment.

Living with Uncertainty

...The best coping skill for this time, especially with MCI, is learning how to be calm in the face of uncertainty. There is so much [that's] not known with MCI. Is it going to stay stable, and is it not going to be a problem? Am I so old, that I’m going to die from something else, and [is it] not going to be a problem? Will it progress quite slowly?...Or is it going to slide fast into a diagnosis none of us would like to have?"

Leah FisherRetired Psychotherapist

HEAR HER STORY

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New beginnings after an MCI diagnosis

Dale Rivard's career as a prosecutor was cut short when he was thrown a curveball with his mild cognitive impairment diagnosis. He shares with Being Patient how it inadvertently led to the start of a fulfilling new chapter for him.

A New Calling

"You have to push yourself. By pushing yourself, you delay the inevitable because we all know where it’s going. I want to get as much out of life as I possibly can. I’m lucky enough to have a wonderful wife who supports me. I have children. I have been blessed by having this grounding force that surrounds me. That really helps me in everything that I do. So I still try to do as much as possible."

HEAR His STORY

Dale RivardFormer Attorney and Public Prosecutor

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Management methods

Depending on the cause of MCI, management strategies can help improve quality of life and slow its progression.

Because MCI is so varied, some patients may revert to normal cognition, while others may remain stable, and some may progress to dementia (including Alzheimer's disease). Regular monitoring and lifestyle adjustments can help manage symptoms and potentially slow progression.

Managing Health Conditions
Lifestyle Changes
Medication

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Want to learn more?

Visit

beingpatient.com

for the latest news and information on brain health and Alzheimer's disease

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