IPM Project Presentation.pptx

Integrated Pest Management Plan: Poinsettias

Lauryn Sabers AGSC 411- Integrated Pest Management 11/22/21

Introduction

• Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima )
• Origin: Morelos (state in Mexico)
• Cultivated by the Aztecs
• Popularized in 1960s
• Talk shows
• Uses
• Holiday décor
• Natural latex
• 2012- $149 million in poinsettia sales in U.S. (2nd largest)

Watch this video to see what it takes to grow poinsettias

https://extension.umn.edu/houseplants/poinsettia

Biology

Click the blue circles to learn more about poinsettia biology

• Modified leaves – bract
• Change color (short-day)
• Red, pink, white, peach, patterns
• Flower at base of bract
• Not poisonous
• Humans- discomfort if eaten
• Pets- sickness

https://extension.umn.edu/houseplants/poinsettia.

http://www.marcperkins.net/?p=1033

Production

• Indoors (greenhouses)
• Protection from freezing temperatures
• California = 6 million plants sold per year
• North Carolina = 4.4 million
• Texas = 3.7 million
• Florida and Ohio = 3 million each

https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/whiteflies-doppelgangers-and-insecticide-resistance-in-poinsettias.

Click here to see the greenhouse I worked at. We grew lots of poinsettias for winter

Description of Pests

Clisk on the pest you want to learn more about to jump straight to that page

• Whiteflies

• Shore flies

Whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/common_greenhouse_poinsettia_production_problems

• Adults- 1/16 to 1/10", white wings
• Egg laid of underside of leaves
• Crawlers  Nymphs  Pupa Adult
• Lifecycle: 3 weeks
• Can’t handle cold temps (year round in greenhouses)
• Feed on sap
• Spread disease
• Honeydew  sooty mold  decreased aesthetic value

http://cues.cfans.umn.edu/old/extpubs/7373whiteflies/DG7373.html

Shore flies (Scatella stagnalis)

• Adults- 2mm, dark wings with three spots
• Eggs- laid in algal scum
• Larvae- feed on algal scum
• Do not feed on plant material
• Moist environments (algae)
• Adults rest on leaves - causes damage
• Spread fungal spores
• Large populations an issue

https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/common_greenhouse_poinsettia_production_problems

https://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/entomol/ncstate/fly5.htm

https://www.koppert.com/challenges/flies/shore-fly/

Plan for detection of pests

• Whiteflies
• Magnifying glass for eggs and crawlers
• Bottom of leaves
• Sticky traps
• Damage: leaves- yellow, shriveled, fallen

• Shore flies
• Sweep net, knockout
• Pheromone traps
• Sticky traps
• Damage: dark spots on leaves

http://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu/pests/pdfs/insects/SF.pdf

https://www.hortzone.com/blog/get-rid-of-white-flies/

Management Options- Whiteflies

• Isolation of new plant material
• Screens on vents
• Sanitation
• Plant-free period
• Attracted to yellow
• Sticky traps
• Pesticides (Azatin, Decathlon, Judo, Marathon, Phylon )
• Natural enemies
• Parisitoids: Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus
• Predators: Delphastus catalinae

https://ggs-greenhouse.com/all-products/greenhouse-insect-netting-screens

Click here for a video of a biological control for whiteflies

Management Options- Shore flies

• Prevent algae build-up (overwatering, overfertilizing)
• Sticky traps
• Pesticides (Azatin, Decathlon)
• No natural enemies

Click here for a video on how to use nematodes to control shorefly populations

https://www.greenhousemag.com/article/gm1113-algae-invasion-management/

Management Considerations

• High-value crop

https://www.greenhousemag.com/article/plantpeddler-2020-poinsettia-trial-results/

Quantifying Damage

Low economic threshold

• Whiteflies
• Low threshold= 0.1 nymphs per leaf
• Moderate = 0.6 nymphs
• High = 3 nymphs

Action threshold

• 1-2 nymphs (low threshold)
• 3-14 nymphs (moderate threshold)
• 18-66 nymphs ( high threshold)

• Shore flies
• Don’t directly damage plant
• No defined EIL
• Monitor damage and population size

https://eorganic.org/node/2699

Regulatory Guidelines

• Pesticides
• Read label
• No restrictions for how close to ship-date they can be sprayed (a specific pesticide may have restrictions)
• Don’t spray when bracts are beginning to change color

https://www.ohp.com/Products/azatin_xl.php

References

13) https://www.ohp.com/Labels_MSDS/PDF/marathon2_label.pdf 14) https://www.ohp.com/Labels_MSDS/PDF/PMP_06.pdf 15) https://www.ohp.com/PIB/PDF/pylon_602_pib.pdf 16) https://pss.uvm.edu/ppp/articles/points.htm 17) https://pss.uvm.edu/ppp/articles/poinhist.html 18) https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamental/the-texas-poinsettia-producers-guide/insect-mite-management/ 19) http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7401.html 20) https://ucanr.edu/sites/VCMG/Controlling_Whiteflies_in_Your_Garden/ 21) https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/floriculture/poinsettia/production_guidelines.shtml 22) https://extension.umn.edu/houseplants/poinsettia 23) https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/30/4/article-p486.xml 24) https://entomology.ca.uky.edu/ef456

• 1) https://www2.ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/floriculture-and-ornamental-nurseries/Shore-Fly/
• 2) https://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/ornamentals/five-facts-about-poinsettias.html
• 3) https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/common_greenhouse_poinsettia_production_problems
• 4) https://extension.usu.edu/archive/could-you-should-you-keep-your-poinsettia-year-round
• 5) https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/whiteflies-doppelgangers-and-insecticide-resistance-in-poinsettias
• 6) https://ssl.acesag.auburn.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-1222/ANR-1222-archive.pdf
• 7) https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/fungus-gnats-and-shore-flies/
• 8) http://cues.cfans.umn.edu/old/extpubs/7373whiteflies/DG7373.html
• 9) https://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/yard-garden/poinsettias-7-412/
• 10) https://www.ohp.com/Labels_MSDS/PDF/azatin_label.pdf
• 11) https://www.ohp.com/Labels_MSDS/PDF/decathlon_label.pdf
• 12) https://www.ohp.com/Labels_MSDS/PDF/judo_label.pdf

Questions?