Civil War - How it all begins & comparing North and South

THE CIVIL WAR

How it all begins…..

Causes

1. States vs. Federal Powers
2. State vs. State
3. Dred Scott case
4. Election of 1860

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1. State Powers vs. Federal Powers

Federal Government Controls:

• War/military
• Trade
• Money/economy

State Government Controls:

• Schools
• Marriage/divorce

1. State vs. Federal Powers

• What happens with issues that are NOT controlled by the States OR the Federal Gov’t?
• (1860s – slavery, 1970s – abortion, 2000s – gay marriage)

2. State vs. State

There are 22 states in the Union

• 11 are Slave
• 11 are Free

This meant that Free States and Slave States were equally represented.

New Territories?

But new territories want to join the USA. So, what kind of states will they be? Free or Slave?

Who cares what other states do?

• Does it matter if the new states are free or slave? YES!
• Each side wants to get 3/4 of the states on their side

Q: Why is 3/4 so important??

Who cares what other states do?

Q: Why is 3/4 so important??

Missouri Wants to Join the U.S.

• Missouri Territory applies for statehood

But will it be a Slave state or a Free state? Compromise: Missouri will join as a Slave state and a new state of Maine will join as a Free state So, back to a tie (12-12) Q: Has the problem been solved?

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The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise

And so, Slavery drags on and on…..

But, a slavery case in the Supreme Court may be the answer!

3. Dred Scott Case

• Dred Scott is a slave
• His master takes Scott on a business trip to a Northern state

• Scott escapes and asks the North to give him his freedom

• Scott and his master battle it out in court to decide if an escaped slave is free

Q: What do you think the court will decide?

3. Dred Scott Case

Q: What do you think the court will decide?

3. Dred Scott Case

The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise

Dred Scott Decision

The Supreme Court of the United States ruled:

• Dred Scott was still a slave
• all blacks, free or enslaved, could never be United States citizens

So, technically, the USA is not ½ Free and ½ Slave It is 100% Not Free

• Northerners and Anti-Slave people in the US are OUTRAGED
• So, they all band together and try to get an Anti-Slavery man into the White House as President

The Missouri Compromise

4. Election of 1860

• The election of 1860 is important for slavery
• Whoever becomes President can use the Executive Order power to end slavery

Election of 1860

The Pro-Slavery people are desperate to win and run 3 candidates:

• Democrats (Breckinridge)
• Democrats (Douglas)
• Constitutional Union (Bell)

The Anti-Slave people run One - Republicans (Lincoln)

• Lincoln warns that his first act will be an Emancipation Proclamation (slaves are free!)

• The South is scared

so, they decide to …

Election of 1860

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Secede!!!

• The South decides to secede (or QUIT) from the Union
• The slave states will simply form their own country – The Confederate States of America

(They will have a Confederation government – a weak central government, and strong states! They will have their own president and their own money)

Confederate States of America

• They have their own President (Jefferson Davis)

• New capital = Richmond, Virginia

• New Whitehouse – The Whitehouse of the Confederacy

• New flag = “the stars and bars”

The Civil War

Comparing the North and the South

The South

The South

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Economy

• Based on agriculture
• Crops include tobacco and cotton
• Crops are grown and then shipped to factories in Europe and northern U.S. states to be processed
• No manufacturing in the south

Economy vs. Economy

Transportation

• Southern states have few train lines
• South had many ocean ports for shipping crops to Europe

Population

• South had 9 million people
• 4 million were enslaved people

War Leaders

• South has one senior General for the whole war – Robert E. Lee

Other Factors

• Southern armies fought on their own territory (so they know the land)
• South doesn’t have to win the war, they just have to wait for the North to get tired and give up

The North

Economy

• North’s economy is based on industry
• Factories produced fabrics, iron goods, ships
• 97% of nation’s guns are made in the North

Transportation

• Northern states have many train lines = will make fighting a war easier

Population

• North had 22 million – none are enslaved men or women

War Leaders

• North has many senior Generals
• It is years until they finally get a good one – U.S. Grant

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Other Factors

• Southern armies fighting on their own territory (so all the damage happens there)
• North has lots of resources and can afford to waste men and supplies

Northern Strategy

• Called the Anaconda plan
• North will surround the South and cut off all the trade
• This means no selling products and no buying products (guns, bullets, food)

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