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Learning Theories

Behaviorism : Cognitivism : Constructivism

Learning Theories

Learning Theories are used within curriculum development to inform structure and support decision-making.

References

Major Theories- Part 1

Cognitivisim

Behaviorism

Constructivim

1950s-1970s

Early 20th Century

1970's

Major Theorists: Piaget, Vygotsky

Major Theorists: Bruner, Neilsen, Chomsky, G. Miller

Major Theorists: B.F. Skinner, Thorndike, J.B. Watson

Major Characteristics: -Life experiences shape all learning and knowledge. - "Knowledge" is what works for individuals and their specific lived experiences. (Kretchmar, 2021)

Major Characteristics: -View brain through the computational model, as an information processor. -Mental processes are sequential. -New information is filtered through existing knowledge.

Major Characteristics: -Learning takes place through interactions with stimuli and evironment. -Conditioning via stimuli of increasing complexity build knowledge webs (Jensen, 2023).

Role of Memory: -Stimulus and response are paired in the brain as memories. -Positive and Negative reinforcement create links in the brain. (Jensen, 2023).

Role of Memory: -Stores information and runs processes like a computer. -Efficacy of tranfer from short to long-term memory denotes learning ability. (Codington-Lacerte, (2023).

Role of Memory: -Previous knowledge is used as a framework to filter new ifnormation. -Experience shapes what is stored and how. (Kretchmar, 2021).

How Learning Occurs: -Information is taken in and filtered through existing knowledge and experiences before being sorted and stored for later retrieval. Types of Learning: -Problem-solving activities -Inquiry/ discovery activities

How Learning Occurs: -Pairing stimuli and responses via repetiion and practice. -Highly structured, step-by-step methodology. Types of Learning: -Direct Instruction -Competency-based -Behavioral Objectives

How Learning Occurs: -Information is processed through disequilibrium where new data is assimilated and accommodated for within existing knowlede-base. Types of Learning: -No prescribed types, however, problem-solving, open-ended discussions, and group-work feature in Construtivist classrooms.

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References

Codington-Lacerte, C. (2023). Cognitivism (psychology). Salem Press Encyclopedia. Gould, M. (2021). Learning Process. Salem Press Encyclopedia. Jensen, R. (2023). Behaviorism. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health. Kretchmar, J. (2021). Constructivism. Salem Press Encyclopedia.

Major Theorists: B.F. Skinner, Thorndike, J.B. Watson

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