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EDU 522 Curriculum Design Theories By Marcia Casanave

Learning theories

Types of Learning Classical Conditiong- Learning by association two things together Operant Conditioning:- Learning through rewards and consequencesObservational Learning- Learning by watching others and copying their actions.

In, behaviorism, learning is defined as the process by which behaviors are acquired and modified through reinforcement (positive or negative) and punishment , forming associations between stimuli and responses based on environment interactions. (Gould, 2023)

Learning

Memory within behaviorism facilitates learning, retention, and behavior modification through associative learning processes, thereby significantly contributing to behavioral adaption and development.

Role of Memory
  • Focuses on observable behavior
  • Behavior is learned from the environment
  • Involves conditioning: classical and operant
  • Uses reinforcement and punishemtnt
Major Characteristics
  • John B. Watson
  • Ivan Pavlov
  • B.F. Skinner
  • Edwward Thorndike
Major Theorists:

Behaviorism

Learning occurs as leanrers actively process and organize information, integrating it with existing knowledge, using mental structures, problem-solving, and feedback to enhance understanding (Ornstein et.al., 2016)

Learning

Memory plays a crucial role in learning by encoding, storing, and retrieving information, enabling learners to build upon prior knowledge and apply it to new situations.

Role of Memory
Types of Learning Information Processing- Taking in and using informationProblem-Solving- Finding solutions to challengesMemory Storage and Retrieval- Remebering and recalling information

Major Chararcteristics

  • Information Processing
  • Decision Making
  • Language and Communication

Major Theorists
  • Jean Piaget
  • Jerome Bruner
  • Lev Vygotsky

Cognitivism

Learning happens as students actively build understanding by connecting new inforamtion with what they already know and reflecting on their own experiences. (Almedi et al., 2023)

Learning

Memory plays an active role by integrting new information with existing knowledge. This process helps students build and evolve their understanding through meaningful connections and making learning revelant to their personal experiences and prior knowledge.

Role of Memory
  • Acitve Learning
  • Prior lknowledge
  • Inquiry-Based Learning
  • Reflective Thinking
Major Characterisctics
Types of Learning Active Learning- Engaging directly with materialExperimental Learning- Learning through experiencesSocial Learning- Learning with others through interaction

Constructivism

Major Theoritst

  • Jean Piaget
  • John Dewey
  • Lev Vygotsky

  • Ornstein, A. C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2016). Curriculum: foundations, principles, and issues. (7th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
  • Gould, M. (2021). Learning process. Salem Press Encyclopedia.
  • Ahmedi, V., Kurshumlija, A., & Ismajli, H. (2023). Teachers’ attitudes towards constructivist approach to improving learning outcomes: The case of Kosovo. International Journal of Instruction, 16(1), 441–454. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.29333/iji.2023.16124a

References