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Transcript

Handbook

Solution Bundles

E-mobility & Electrification

Low-carbon energy via sector coupling

Reduction of energy & resources needs

Carbon capture, storage & removal

Low-carbon energy via sector coupling

Reduction of energy & resources needs

Carbon capture, storage & removal

E-mobility & Electrification

Mobility and transport

Energy

District Heating

Finance & Business Models

Policy and Governance

Policy and Governance

Policy and Governance

Learning Capabilities

Policy and Governance

Social Innovation

Policy and Governance

Democracy/Participation

1. Public administration capacity building in social innovation

E-mobility & Electrification

Low-carbon energy via sector coupling

Policy and Governance

Reduction of energy & resources needs

Democracy/Participation

Carbon capture, storage & removal

Prepare

2. Social Innovation task force and strategy making

3. Funding for Social Innovation initiatives

4. Citizens' capacity building in social innovation

5. City Social Innovation mapping /observatory

6. Social innovation policies

Act

Accelerate

7. Co-creation platforms and environments

Finance & Business Models

Policy and Governance

Policy and Governance

Policy and Governance

Learning Capabilities

Policy and Governance

Social Innovation

8. Incubating and accelerating social innovations

9. Cross-sector partnerships and co-creation

10. Systemic innovation approaches which include social innovation

Providing knowledge to citizens and local actors on social innovation and its potential for climateneutrality empowers urban stakeholders through learning practices on collaborating amongthemselves and/or with the city (Castro-Spila et al. 2016), enabling them to propose and implementinnovative solutions that can increase the city sustainability, community building, and be betterequipped for developing new start-ups to tackle climate change.

Citizens' capacity building in social innovation

Category 4:

4.1 Case Study

4.1 Social Innovation training provided by the city or partners, to citizens,companies, NGOs personnel, schools or other entities

Systemic innovation approaches which include social innovation

Category 10:

10.1 Case Study

10.2 Case Study

10.1 PA top-down initiatives to reconfigure the system to support climate neutrality through social innovation

10.2 Public Administration deploys co-creation and user-centered design toleverage social innovation for achieving systemic change toward climate neutrality

NetZeroCities Solution Bundles - Handbook Video

Reduction of energy & resources needs

About

Energy efficiency, wind, and solar provide around half of emissions savings to 2030 in the IEA scenarios. It is important that, before implementing greener solutions in the systems, the energy and resources needs are reduced at the lowest possible by:

  • Increasing the number of zero or nearly zero energy buildings in the city, and/or reducing the need for heating and cooling by improving the building envelopes. Either by policy incentives, one-stop shops, or/and an increase in the capacitation of the technical staff (in the city level and of the stakeholders).
  • Increasing the use of efficient appliances in the building sector. Furthermore, to some extent, increase the amount of open data available (e.g., through the connection of loT to data platforms) for underpinning new services to citizens and stakeholders.
Furthermore, behavioral changes by citizens and businesses avoid 1.7 Gt CO2 emissions in 2030, curb energy demand growth, and facilitate clean energy transitions. Besides that, the three circular-economy strategies consort to cut emissions from materials and products:
  • Material recirculation — reducing emission intensity per tonne of material.
  • Product material efficiency — using fewer materials per product.
  • New circular business models — fewer products to achieve the same useful service.

E-mobility & Electrification

About

According to the IEA, the direct use of low-emissions electricity in place of fossil fuels is one of the most important drivers of emission reductions in the Net-Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, accounting for around 20% of the total reduction achieved by 2050. It can tackle the following areas if the electricity generation sector becomes cleaner:

  • Underpin the massive reduction in transport emissions through e-vehicles, e-micro mobility, e-chargers, or fuel cells vehicles.
  • Electrification in the building sector will allow achieving emission reduction faster: electrifying cooking, and especially the production of heating and cooling, as 40% of residential buildings could be fitted with heat pumps. If electrification is applied, the demand for electricity will increase and therefore, the production of electricity must be from low-carbon sources (solar photovoltaics, wind, hydropower, etc., and when it is not possible, apply CCS)
  • Electrify hydrogen production through electrolysers, and therefore, its use in industry for heat production and chemicals and its use in transport. Hydrogen would be green if, again, low-carbon sources are used (Certification schemes might be needed). Another way of producing hydrogen is found in RES Generation: Sector Coupling.
  • Electrify heat process generation (in the heavy and light industries) through the use of high-temperature heat pumps. Other ways are found in RES Generation: Sector Coupling, like solar concentration.
  • Electrify district heating and cooling networks by means of distributed generation (heat pumps at substation levels, such as booster heat pumps) or through large-scale heat pumps (in the main heating or cooling plants). Waste heat is integrated through the use of heat pumps too, and industrial-urban symbiosis (integration of waste heat from data centers, supermarkets, industry, etc.).
If electrification is performed, energy security in the electricity sector will be even more central than it is today. To ensure that, energy system flexibility (through batteries, demand response, flexible power plants, digital networks are necessary), data access (through all levels of the urban energy systems) data security (in grids to avoid cyberattacks, etc.), and digitalization (of buildings for behind-the-meter energy flexibility, of distribution and transmission networks, etc.) in general will become key issues.

Social innovation policies

Category 6:

6.1 Case Study

6.2 Case Study

6.1: Development of policies to support social innovation for climate sustainability. Policies can be created together with citizens and urban stakeholders

6.2: The municipality actively seeks the procurement/purchase of solutions andgoods that meet the criteria of social innovation (solutions that are social in the means and in the ends)

After the municipality has been mobilized and has developed the knowledge on the relevance and themethods to develop social innovation for sustainability, it needs to create a dedicated team and astrategy in order to proactively support community innovation for sustainability.

Social Innovation task force and strategy making

Category 2:

2.1 Case Study

2.2 Case Study

2.1 Establishment of a task force in the municipality on social innovation forclimate sustainability with cross- departmental members

2.2 Development and communication of the city strategy on social innovation for climate sustainability

A key barrier for municipalities to implement actions towards climate neutrality, in particular in a systemic approach, is the financial cost (Hržica et al., 2021) or lack of funds. The ability to source funding is therefore crucial to develop and sustain social innovation initiatives for sustainability.

Funding for social innovation initiatives

Category 3:

3.1 Case Study

3.1 Sourcing of funding for supporting the city's social innovation interventions

To be able to connect actors in a city, in order to co-develop solutions and strengthen communities, the city, as well as the stakeholder themselves, needs to be aware of the main players and resources available in the city. The purpose of a social innovation observatory is the mapping of existing initiatives and their networks. Scaling up social innovation requires a collaborative, networked approach to talking problems (Morais da Silva et al., 2016). Mapping existing players and resources enables social innovation to thrive, as in the case of the Social Innovation Observatory of Florianopolis in Brazil (Andion et al., 2021), a co-developed collaborative platform which maps the social innovation ecosystem of the city.

City Social Innovation mapping /observatory

Category 5:

5.1 Case Study

5.1 Mapping of cities' existing social innovations and potential partners in adedicated map or platform (observatory)

7. Co-creation platforms and environments

Category 7:

7.1 Case Study

7.2 Case Study

7.1 Co-creation platforms and environments established by the public administration

7.2 The city shares open data to support citizens’ development of initiatives, and involves citizens in data collection (citizen science)

This category of actions focuses on data and platforms provided by the municipality to citizens andurban stakeholders, to network and collaborative create solutions to climate change.

Low-carbon energy via sector coupling

About

"'Urban symbiosis' aims to break linear relationships between consumption and waste by returning outputs as inputs, e.g. recycling wastewater or waterfrom industrial processes [1]". The current bundle aims to decarbonize via sector coupling: using heating and cooling, electricity or fuels (like hydrogen) orcarbon dioxide to make the link between sectors, from the metropolitan to the district level. Sector coupling could be defined as the "interconnection of the energy-consuming sectors with power-producing sectors at large [...]"[2} such as X-to-Power and Power-to-X elements, where "X" can be green hydrogen (or other fuels) or heat. It can tackle the following areas if the electricity generation sector becomes cleaner:

  • Underpin the massive reduction in transport emissions through, not only electrification but also through fuel cells vehicles (especially in heavy transport like trucks; hydrogen trains, hydrogen boats, etc.) and green hydrogen generation.
  • Hydrogen valleys will become important for that matter. Not only for the production of green hydrogen but also to create an industry hub that connects industry for hydrogen generation (electrolysers), infrastructure (h2 local networks), transport (trucks, etc.), and hydrogen use as raw material (for steel, for ammonia, chemical industry, etc.)
  • Gas infrastructures to transport and store green gases could also provide flexibility to the power system through the use of fuel cells.
  • But it is not the only way, also electricity storage via batteries (as explained in RES Generation: Low carbon electrification) could also be an option.
  • Electrify heat process generation (in heavy and light industry) through the use of high temperature heat pumps, and the integration of waste heat from multiple sources and temperature levels (data centers, pulp/food/chemical industries, etc.), creating the necessary framework and contracts to make that happen.
  • Also, waste can be shared: such as pulp waste that can be used for the production of biogas (which later on, can be an input for a co-generation plant connected to a DHN).
Flexible sources (heat pumps, batteries, supercapacitors, loT, smart elements across the city, etc.) will be very valuable to ensure that, when RES generation increases, the power network does not face congestion challenges (due to the mismatch of generation and supply). Digital tools will enable the sharing of outputs (waste heat, waste, secondary materials, etc.) and data, to provide also to grids energy flexibility.[1] https://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecoap/news/urban-symbiosis-recommendations-cities-re-use-resources_en[2] https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/gie_-_position_paper_-_sector_coupling_p2g.pdf

Incubating and accelerating social innovations

Category 8:

8.1 Case Study

8.2 Case Study

8.1 Social Innovation incubator established by the public administration

8.2 Social Innovation accelerator to scale existing social innovations for climate neutrality

Cross-sector partnerships and co-creation

Category 9:

9.1 Case Study

9.2 Case Study

9.1 Cross-sector partnerships to address climate neutrality and social inclusion

9.2 The municipality initiates the co-creation of social innovation initiatives for climate neutrality together with citizens, local companies, NGOs or other local organizations, to address climate neutrality and social inclusion

An essential starting point for developing government capacity for action (World Economic Forum, 2013) is to train government officials, the public administration, policy makers and politicians on what social innovation is and why it is a necessary lever to reach climate neutrality (Bresciani et al., 2022). Knowledge can be built internally, by training the public administration of the city as well as by developing a network of experts in social innovation to which the municipality has access.

Public administration capacity building in social innovation for climate neutrality

Category 1:

1.1 Case Study

1.2 Case Study

1.1 Public Administration skills development with courses and workshops on social innovation for climate sustainability

1.2 Network of experts in socialinnovation for climate neutrality to which the municipality has access

Carbon capture, storage & removal

About

A carbon sink absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The ocean, soil, and forests are the world's largest carbon sinks. [1] Carbon capture can be sequestered through the biological process (i.e., indirect capture of CO2 through carbon sinks) or technology applications (direct CO2 capture). CO2 can be stored to be removed later through its use as a feedstock to produce fuels or products or stored permanently in geological formations.Carbon sinks will be mainly linked with other solutions via water (as natural sinks will consume it), energy (for those sinks that need some energy to maintain them or for CCS), and materials.[1] https://netzerocities.app/resource-2644