Copia - CHEMISTRY 24-25 SCIENTIFIC METHOD CHEMISTRY

Scientific Method

Chemistry 2024-2025

Index

Song

Summary

Steps

Step1

Step 3

Step 2

Step 6

Step 5

Step 4

Scientific Method: A serie of organized steps, to explore observations and answer the questions to solve a problem.

Scientific Method song

Steps of the scientific method

1. Ask a question2. Do background research 3. Construct a hypothesis 4. Test your hypothesis (Experiment)

5. Collect, organize, present and analyze your data. 6. Draw a conclusion

For Good Experiments

1. Well planned and designed procedure
2. Safe working
3. A suitable control group must be designed.
4. Repetitions: to verify the results.
5. Independent Verification: other unconnected scientists must repeat the work exactly and obtain the same results.
6. No Bias: must not influence the procedures or interpretation of the results.

THEORY

1. Are based on observations.
2. Testables explanations that have not been proven.
3. Have evidence to back the claim.

LAW

1. Are based on FACTS.
2. Have been PROVEN.
3. Have evidence and results to support the proof.

vs.

Step 1.

Ask a question The scientific method starts when you ask a question about something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where?

Step 2. Do background research

Rather than starting from scratch, you must use information about the topic and about previous work/investigations done.

+ nfo

Step 3. Construct a hypothesis

In order to answer your question, with an explanation that can be tested. A good hypothesis allows you to make a prediction: "If ___ then___because_____"

Hypothesis?

Step 3. Construct a hypothesis

"If ___ then___because_____"

If water is added to bean seeds, then they will sprout because water provides oxygen for the plant to produce photosynthesis.

Construct a hypothesis

In this step, you must identify the independent variable, the dependent variable and the constants, and say how you will collect the data.

Independent variable

What will you manipulate in the experiment? Example: Amount of water

Dependent variable

The result you are expecting. What can you measure after the experiment is done? Example: Fraction of seeds that germinate.

Constants

Are all the factors that you will keep the same. Example: *The type of seeds. *The type of liquid you will use

Control group

The standard to which comparisons are made in an experiment. Example: The watered seeds.

Step 4. Test the hypothesis

By Doing an Experiment: Your experiment tests whether your prediction is accurate and thus your hypothesis is supported or not.

Step 4. Test the hypothesis

*Make sure that you change only ONE variable at a time. * Keep all other factors or conditions the same. *Repeat your experiments at least 4 times.

Step 4. Includes:

Materials List Experimental Procedure

1. 5 identical pots.
2. 10 bean seeds per pot.
3. Soil.
4. Water.

1. Add soil to both pots
2. Plant 10 bean seeds in each pot.
3. Water four of the pots
4. Compare your results

Step 5. Collect, Present, Organize and Analyze Your Data

* During the experiment, you collect your measurements, organize and analyze them to see if they support your hypothesis or not.

Step 5. To analyze data we should use:

Charts , tables, journals, graphs.

Título aquí

Puedes escribir una descripción aquí

Título aquí

Puedes escribir una descripción aquí

Título aquí

Puedes escribir una descripción aquí

Step 6. Draw a Conclusion

*Communicate your results by mentioning if the hypothesis was true or not, based on the information you obtained during the experiment.

What else do we have to include in STEP 6?

Is the hypothesis valid based on the outcome? Was the method used valid to prove the hypothesis? What else can I improve?

Título aquí

Puedes escribir una descripción aquí

Título aquí

Puedes escribir una descripción aquí

Título aquí

Puedes escribir una descripción aquí

What else do we have to include in STEP 6?

Describe extensions or improvements to the method. *Which other liquids can I use to prove this hypothesis? *What will happen if we use cactus?

Título aquí

Puedes escribir una descripción aquí

Título aquí

Puedes escribir una descripción aquí

Título aquí

Puedes escribir una descripción aquí