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The african american experience in bexar county

The African American experience in Bexar reflects a rich history of resilience, struggle, and significant contributions to the community.

Historical Background

Population Statistics

In 1777 a census found 15 enslaved persons in Bexar out of a population of 2,060, less than one percent. There were no cash crop activities in Bexar. So the enslaved were mainly house servants.

More than one in ten (11.7%) African Americans lived in households without another enslaved person. More than two thirds of Bexar County’s enslaved inhabitants were attached to slaveholders claiming 4 or more enslaved individuals.

Economic Contributions

African Americans in 1860 worked in cattle trade, which had bigger enterpirse than cotton in Bexar. Local ranchers and farmers with lots of livestock relied on enslaved labor force. African Americans were employed primarily as household servants or as farm and ranch hands, but around the city, you would have encountered a number of them in a variety of settings and engaged in a variety of tasks.

Galvestonenslaved

Austin enslaved

1860

47.4%

28.3%

Education and Literacy

Violence and Abuse

San Antonio ensalved

Bexar % of African Americans

African Americans consigned to unskilled occupations (67%) far exceeded the like percentage for whites whether native (24%) or foreign born (21%), as well as those with an Hispanic surname (61%). Barely one in five African Americans pursued a skilled or nonmanual occupation that offered an income that might allow for entry into the middle class.

Houston enslaved

Neither free nor enslaved Blacks were allowed to carry weapons or play cards with White people. It was illegal to sell them alcohol. In 1850 San Antonio ordinance set a curfew of 9:30 pm for enslaved individuals that was lengthened to 10:15 pm during the summer months. The slave holder whose bondsman or bondswoman had violated the curfew had the choice of paying a $5 fine or paying $1 to have the enslaved person whipped.

9.7%

28.5%

7.2%

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23M

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92K

-17%

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