Learning Theories

Cognitivism

Major Theorist

How Learning Occurs

Noam Chomsky

Learning occurs based on how mind is able to recall and apply stored information and experiences.

Characteristics

Type of Learning

Knowledge is acquired through gaining facts and repeated experiences.

Humans acquire and obtain knowledge. Brain is an information processor like a computer (Codington-Lacerte 2023).

Role of Memory

Source Used

Codington-Lacerte, C. (2023). Cognitivism (psychology). Salem Press Encyclopedia.

Focus on mental processes such as retrieval, patterns, and categorization (Codington-Lacerte 2023).

Behaviorism

Major Theorist

How Learning Occurs

The response to stimulus is made, strengthened, and maintained (Clark 172). A correct anser is rewarded with a positive incentive.

B.F. Skinner and John Watson

Type of Learning

Characteristics

It is believed that most learning occurs when someone responds favorably to external stimulus (Clark 172).

Learning takes place through classical and operant conditioning.

Role of Memory

Source Used

Clark, K. (2018). Learning theories: Behaviorism. Radtech. Vol. 90. No.2 172.

Mental activities are not seen as important in learning.

Constructivism

Major Theorist

How Learning Occurs

Jean Piaget

When new information is given that is contradictory, modify or adapt prior knowledge to return to equilibrium (Kretchmar 2021).

Types of Learning

Major Characteristics

Previous experiences are the way in which we see the World, so people must figure out how to apply new experiences to what they know.

According to Piaget, all learning is motivated by a desire to maintain a state of equilibrium (Kretchmar 2021).

Role of Memory

Source Used

When presented with contradictions, use prior knowledge to dtermine the truth.

Kretchmar, J. (2021). Constructivism. Salem Press Encyclopedia.