W6. Steel Structure Assembly Procedure

Steel Structure Assembly Procedure

Technical Standards and Quality Supervision

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Steel Structure Assembly Procedure

There are different ways and strategies for planning the assembly of a steel structure, meaning there is no single established method as the correct procedure. We must ensure certain key characteristics that should prevail in a proper assembly procedure, such as:

Once these points are concluded, the assembly process can be determined to be complete.

Assembly Process

Equipment

ANCHOR PREPARATION

LEVELING NUTS

COLUMN ASSEMBLY

BEAM ASSEMBLY

ASSEMBLY OF BRACING AND PURLINS

ACCESSORIES ASSEMBLY

ROOFING AND FACADE ASSEMBLY

BOLT TORQUING

Equipment

The tool and equipment used for assembling steel elements for structures are crucial for proper execution. Among the various ranges and brands available in the market, mechanical cranes are used for lifting and loading steel elements, lifting cranes for work personnel, mechanical and manual tools for connecting steel elements, etc. All of these tools are appropriate for the weights and dimensions of the steel being assembled.

PETTIBON. Maximum load capacity: 15 tons. Arm length: 15 m

TITAN.Maximum load capacity: 17 tons. Arm length: 20 m.

ANCHOR PREPARATION

The cornerstone of the assembly process is the curing of concrete in the anchor pockets, which must be thoroughly cleaned, free of dirt, protected, and most importantly, positioned with the template provided by the structure assembly supervisor, all prior to pouring. Up to this point, the pouring and anchoring work is carried out by the civil foundation work personnel. Once the concrete has set, the anchor threads are cleaned with wrenches and a wire brush, then bathed in oil to facilitate nut tightening.

LEVELING NUTS

With the support of a surveying team, the initial layout level of the structure is placed on an anchor and transferred to the remaining anchors of the footing through a hand level.

COLUMN ASSEMBLY

The start of the assembly maneuvers specified in the master plan involves positioning the crane near the initial column indicated by the intersection of control axes on the plane. The first column is then hoisted to a vertical separation of approximately 10 cm above the top edge of the anchors. Once at this point, the element is lowered, guiding its trajectory so that the plate holes freely enter the corresponding anchors, allowing immediate tightening of the adjustment nuts.

Upon completion of this process, the assembly personnel remove the slings and shackles placed vertically and tightened with shackles from the element supported by lifting equipment. MAIN .

BEAM ASSEMBLY

Depending on the length of the main beams, which are usually sectioned, after placing the columns of an entire main beam axis, assembly and floor joining should be carried out by placing conventional or tension-controlled screws in the end-plates with the tightening procedure according to the screw type to achieve plate closure.

This entire process is directed by the assembly supervisor supported by their assembly team with safety equipment, mechanical equipment, ropes, and trajectory guides.

ASSEMBLY OF BRACING AND PURLINS

Following the connection of the end-plates, the bracing of the frame is installed according to the engineering plans. Once the rough installation of the structure, including columns, main beams, and bracing, is completed, the installation of roof purlins follows, which further secures the overall rigidity of the structure.

ACCESSORIES ASSEMBLY

The installation of structural accessories such as struts, knee braces, bracing, welding applications, and bolt torque is carried out using articulated lifting equipment, platforms, with the intervention of the assembly team.

When the assembly of the structure has been validated by the overall supervisor or client, instructions should be given to the masonry personnel for the application of volume stabilizer, Grout, under the base plates in the foundation pockets to ensure proper load transmission to the foundation.

ROOFING AND FACADE ASSEMBLY

The installation process of roofing sheets and walls follows the closure of the structure. Roof sheet installation involves on-site processing of the sheet and/or installation on the purlins with standard screw fastening, which in turn secure the sliding clip that joins the sheet perimeters through the mechanical rolling process.

The installation process of the facade sheeting is based on securing facade purlins from the building's base floor to the point of connection with the roof. During the installation of roofing and facade sheets, the handling of the material and the installation method leave gaps and voids that must be covered with sheet moldings with varying developments and special shapes, the most common being: ridge, half-ridge, gutter, drip edge, "J" molding.

BOLT TORQUING

When the steel structure of a building has been completed, a torque safety report of all bolt connections must be generated. Depending on the type of bolt, conventional or tension-controlled, the record should be kept with total or random evidence. For conventional bolts, it is advisable to perform the tightening process with a manual torque wrench, which measures the pressure exerted on the bolt, and according to standard torque tables, it must be verified that all measurements fall within the established range. For tension-controlled bolts, torque is verified by checking that the bottom of the bolt has been sheared off.

Reference

Gerdau Corsa. (s. f.). PROCEDIMIENTO DE MONTAJE DE ESTRUCTURAS DE ACERO [Diapositivas]. gerdaucorsa.com.mx.

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