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Semana 1 Logica

Ellis Federico Zorrilla

Created on June 22, 2024

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Ellis Zorrilla 100078257

Lógica ComputacionalFGI103-260-3301-2 Semana 1

Informática

Concepto

La informática es la ciencia del procesamiento de datos para su almacenamiento y recuperación. Abarca el estudio y la práctica del procesamiento de información y la ingeniería de sistemas de información.

Importancia de la informática como ciencia

Avance del conocimiento: juega un papel crucial en el avance de la tecnología y el conocimiento en diversos campos.

Eficiencia y Automatización: Mejora la eficiencia mediante la automatización de tareas y procesos.

Gestión de datos: Facilita la gestión, el análisis y la toma de decisiones de datos eficaces.

La Computadora

CONCEPTO

Una computadora es un dispositivo electrónico que manipula información o datos, capaz de almacenar, recuperar y procesar datos.

Ramas de la Computación

Informática teórica: se centra en los aspectos matemáticos y abstractos de la informática.

Ingeniería Informática: Combina la ingeniería eléctrica y la informática para desarrollar hardware y software informático.

Ingeniería de software: se ocupa del diseño, implementación y prueba de aplicaciones de software.

Dispositivos

ENTRADA

SALIDA

MonitorImpresora Bocinas

TecladoRatón Escáner Micrófono.

Historia de la Computadora

Evolución

Primeras calculadoras: ábaco, calculadoras mecánicas.Computadoras modernas: desde las primeras computadoras del tamaño de una habitación hasta las potentes computadoras de escritorio y portátiles de hoy.

Generaciones

Primera Generación (décadas de 1940-1950): Tubos de vacío.Segunda Generación (décadas de 1950-1960): Transistores. Tercera Generación (décadas de 1960-1970): Circuitos integrados. Cuarta Generación (década de 1970-presente): Microprocesadores. Quinta Generación (presente y futura): Inteligencia artificial y procesamiento paralelo avanzado.

Pioneros

Charles Babbage: diseñó la primera computadora mecánica.Alan Turing: sentó las bases de la informática teórica. John von Neumann: desarrolló la arquitectura para la mayoría de las computadoras modernas.

Tipos de computadoras

Por tamaño

Microcomputadoras: Computadoras personales, de escritorio, portátiles.Minicomputadores: Computadores de gama media, servidores. Mainframes: sistemas grandes y potentes utilizados en las empresas. Supercomputadoras: Computadoras extremadamente rápidas utilizadas para simulaciones y cálculos complejos.

Por capacidad

Básico (Baja Capacidad): Tareas simples, necesidades informáticas básicas.Capacidad Media: Aplicaciones más robustas, multitarea. Alta Capacidad: Procesamiento intensivo, cálculos a gran escala.

Por procesamiento de datos

Computadoras Analógicas: Procesan datos continuos.Computadoras digitales: procesan datos discretos. Computadoras híbridas: combinan características de computadoras analógicas y digitales.

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