SC12-WEEK8-HOMINID EVOLUTION AND HUMAN EVOLUTION

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HOMINID EVOLUTION AND HUMAN EVOLUTION

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Human evolution.

Hominid evolution spans a timeline of millions of years and has been marked by several key trends and discoveries. Here's a summary of the basic trends and specific fossil hominids that illustrate human evolution:

1. Brain Size

2. Jaw Size

Basic Trends in Hominid Evolution:

Basic Trends in Hominid Evolution:

4. Manufacture of Tools

3. Language

The ability to manufacture and use tools, particularly stone tools, is a hallmark of hominid evolution. Tool complexity increased over time, reflecting technological advancement.

The development of language is inferred from the structure of the vocal tract and the expansion of brain areas associated with speech and language processing.

Specific Fossil Hominids and Human Evolution:

2. Australopithecus africanus

1. Australopithecus afarensis

Specific Fossil Hominids and Human Evolution:

3. Paranthropus robustus

4. Homo habilis

Paranthropus robustus (1.2-2 million years ago): Known for its robust skull and large molars, indicating a diet of tough vegetation. It represents a separate evolutionary lineage from the genus Homo.

Homo habilis (2.4-1.4 million years ago): Considered one of the earliest members of the genus Homo, Homo habilis is associated with Oldowan stone tools, indicating early tool use.

Specific Fossil Hominids and Human Evolution:

Homo neanderthalensis (200,000-40,000 years ago)

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Homo erectus (1.9 million-140,000 years ago)

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Specific Fossil Hominids and Human Evolution:

7. Homo sapiens (200,000 years ago-present): Modern humans emerged in Africa and spread across the globe. They have larger brains, complex language abilities, and advanced tool-making skills.

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12TH-HOMINID EVOLUTION AND HUMAN EVOLUTION-EN © 2024 by CASURID is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Early hominids had larger, more robust jaws compared to modern humans. This reflects changes in diet and the development of tool use.

Homo neanderthalensis (200,000-40,000 years ago): Neanderthals were closely related to modern humans and had a robust build, large brains, and evidence of complex tool use and burial rituals.

Homo erectus (1.9 million-140,000 years ago): The first hominid to migrate out of Africa, Homo erectus had a larger brain size, sophisticated Acheulean tools, and was adapted to a wide range of environments.

Australopithecus africanus (2-3 million years ago): Found in South Africa, this species is associated with the Taung Child fossil, showing early signs of upright walking and human-like teeth.

- Hominid evolution shows a gradual increase in brain size over time. Early hominids, such as Australopithecus species, had smaller brains, while later species, such as Homo erectus and modern humans, had larger brains. - Brain size roughly tripled from Australopithecines to early Homo species.

Hominid evolution is characterized by a series of adaptations, including bipedalism, increased brain size, and technological advancements. The fossil record provides insights into the gradual development of these traits, highlighting the evolutionary journey from early Australopithecines to modern Homo sapiens.

SC.912.L.15.10 Identify basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors six million years ago to modern humans, including brain size, jaw size, language, and manufacture of tools. SC.912.L.15.11 Discuss specific fossil hominids and what they show about human evolution.

Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy, 3.2 million years ago): Lucy is one of the most famous fossils, representing bipedalism and a mix of ape-like and human-like traits.