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Understanding Adult Learning Theories

Jane Ko

Created on June 19, 2024

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Understanding Adult Learning Theories

How principles apply to instructional coaching

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Strategies to engage adult learners

Principlesof Andragogy

Appropriate teaching strategies for coaching

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Andragogyvs Pedagogy

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Malcolm Knowles' Principles of Andragogy

  • need to know
  • self-concept (i.e., self-directedness)
  • experiences
  • readiness to learn
  • orientation to learning
  • motivation
(Franco, 2019)
Application to Instructional Coaching
  • collaborates with others to solve problems
  • effective communication skills
  • providing instructional feedback
  • planning and goal setting
  • building self-efficacy
  • progress monitoring
  • developing trusting relationship
(Gross Cheliotes & Reilly, 2018; Ceballos & Bixler, 2024)
Teaching strategies appropriate for coaching adult learners
  • committed listening
  • powerful speaking and questioning
  • reflective feedback
(Gross Cheliotes & Reilly, 2018)
The differences between andragogy and pedagogy
  • Adult learners want control over their learning and they are self-directed; children are not self-directed because they still depend on their teachers.
  • Adults learners have more experience than children and use it as a resource in the learning process; children have very little life experience.
  • Adult learners want to learn information that is useful and relevant to them (learner-centered); children's learning is subject-centered and rely on teachers to provide them the information.
  • Adult's readiness to learn stems from knowing that it will have a definite effect on their social roles and responsibilities; children are usually told what to learn and when.
  • Adult learners are instrinsically-motivated; children are extrinsically-motivated.
(Pappas, 2015)
Andragogical strategies to engage adult learners
  • give immediate feedback so that adult learners can learn from their mistakes
  • create learning environments that offer choices in learning and skill development
(Pappas, 2014; Conaway & Zorn-Arnold, 2015)