Exile
Return to Jerusalem
Divided Kingdom
Northern Kingdom of Israel (10 tribes)
Fall to Assyria
Jewish Exiles Return
Cyrus' Edict
Haggai's Ministry/ Temple Rebuild
Jerusalem Walls Rebuilt
722 BC
539 BC
Southern Kingdom of Judah (Judah and Benjamin)
520 BC
538 BC
445 BC
922 BC
Temple/Jerusalem Destroyed Fall to Babylon
586 BC
The northern kingdom retained the name Israel. When the kingdoms divided Jeroboam became the first king of Israel and ruled over ten of the twelve tribes. Not one king of Israel is said to have been a “good king.” Several places are mentioned as the seat of power in Israel, but Samaria played host to the most kings and was located in the land of Ephraim. Eventually the northern kingdom fell to the Assyrian empire in 722 BC. Read more in 1 Kings 12 - 2 Kings 17 (Click here)
There had been one united Hebrew Kingdom called Israel until this point. King Saul, the first king, ruled from c. 1040 BC-1000 BC. King David ruled from 1000 BC-960 BC. King Solomon was the last to rule over the united kingdom from 960 BC - 920 BC. Due to false idol worship encouraged by King Solomon and the foolishness of his son, Rehoboam, the kingdom split in two; the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah (which is where Jerusalem is located and the more important of the two kingdoms). Read more in 1 Samuel 8 - 1 Kings 12 (Click here)
The Jews returned to Jerusalem c. 538 BC under the leadership of Sheshbazzar. God brought the people back just as he promised. Among the returnees were Zerubbabel and Joshua who eventually took over leadership as they sought to rebuild their identity, their faith, their city, and the temple. The returnees began rebuilding the temple as God commanded, but the work quickly stopped due to pressure from adversaries. Read more in Ezra 1-4 (Click here)
The southern kingdom retained the name Judah because of the prominence of that tribe both in history and in numbers. The tribe of Benjamin was also a part of the southern kingdom since it really didn’t have a choice, its own territory was enveloped by the territory of Judah and it shared ownership of Jerusalem. Judah’s significance relates to a promise made to King David in 2 Samuel 7, the temple in Jerusalem, and a prophetic word by Jacob in Genesis 49. These things collectively made Judah the more significant kingdom. Solomon’s son Rehoboam was the first king of Judah. Only a few kings of Judah are said to have been “good,” but even the good ones had their bad moments. Ultimately God determined that the southern kingdom of Judah would be punished for its sins and the Babylonians would be his instrument. In c. 609 BC Nebuchadnezzar began exiling the Jews of Jerusalem to Babylon. There was another exile of people in 597 BC and Judah completely fell in 586 BC when Nebuchadnezzar razed everything to the ground (2 Chronicles 26:19). God told the people they would go into exile, but he also promised that they would eventually return. Read more in 1 Kings 12 - 2 Kings 25 (Click here)
The Persian king, Cyrus, or Cyrus the Great, rose to power c. 550 BC. In 539 BC Cyrus conquered Babylon and brought the Neo-Babylonian empire to an end. While the Babylonians method of rule involved exile and erasing any trace of a conquered people’s identity the Persians took a different approach. The Persians believed it was better to rule a people who could retain their own culture, land, and religion as long as they remained loyal to the empire. Upon defeating the Babylonians Cyrus issued an edict that allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their lives, which included rebuilding the temple (2 Chronicles 36:22-23). Read more in Ezra 1 (Click here)
Years after the temple was complete another leader named Nehemiah would return to Jerusalem and rebuild the walls surrounding the city. There are similarities between the reconstruction stories of the temple and the wall. The wall was rebuilt c. 445 BC. Read more in the book of Nehemiah (Click here)
The people stopped working on the temple in c. 538 BC and did not resume the work until Haggai showed up in 520 BC, an eighteen year delay. Through the prophetic efforts of Haggai and Zechariah the people resumed work on the temple and finished it c. 515 BC. Read more in Haggai, Zechariah, Ezra 5-6 (Click here)
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Transcript
Exile
Return to Jerusalem
Divided Kingdom
Northern Kingdom of Israel (10 tribes)
Fall to Assyria
Jewish Exiles Return
Cyrus' Edict
Haggai's Ministry/ Temple Rebuild
Jerusalem Walls Rebuilt
722 BC
539 BC
Southern Kingdom of Judah (Judah and Benjamin)
520 BC
538 BC
445 BC
922 BC
Temple/Jerusalem Destroyed Fall to Babylon
586 BC
The northern kingdom retained the name Israel. When the kingdoms divided Jeroboam became the first king of Israel and ruled over ten of the twelve tribes. Not one king of Israel is said to have been a “good king.” Several places are mentioned as the seat of power in Israel, but Samaria played host to the most kings and was located in the land of Ephraim. Eventually the northern kingdom fell to the Assyrian empire in 722 BC. Read more in 1 Kings 12 - 2 Kings 17 (Click here)
There had been one united Hebrew Kingdom called Israel until this point. King Saul, the first king, ruled from c. 1040 BC-1000 BC. King David ruled from 1000 BC-960 BC. King Solomon was the last to rule over the united kingdom from 960 BC - 920 BC. Due to false idol worship encouraged by King Solomon and the foolishness of his son, Rehoboam, the kingdom split in two; the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah (which is where Jerusalem is located and the more important of the two kingdoms). Read more in 1 Samuel 8 - 1 Kings 12 (Click here)
The Jews returned to Jerusalem c. 538 BC under the leadership of Sheshbazzar. God brought the people back just as he promised. Among the returnees were Zerubbabel and Joshua who eventually took over leadership as they sought to rebuild their identity, their faith, their city, and the temple. The returnees began rebuilding the temple as God commanded, but the work quickly stopped due to pressure from adversaries. Read more in Ezra 1-4 (Click here)
The southern kingdom retained the name Judah because of the prominence of that tribe both in history and in numbers. The tribe of Benjamin was also a part of the southern kingdom since it really didn’t have a choice, its own territory was enveloped by the territory of Judah and it shared ownership of Jerusalem. Judah’s significance relates to a promise made to King David in 2 Samuel 7, the temple in Jerusalem, and a prophetic word by Jacob in Genesis 49. These things collectively made Judah the more significant kingdom. Solomon’s son Rehoboam was the first king of Judah. Only a few kings of Judah are said to have been “good,” but even the good ones had their bad moments. Ultimately God determined that the southern kingdom of Judah would be punished for its sins and the Babylonians would be his instrument. In c. 609 BC Nebuchadnezzar began exiling the Jews of Jerusalem to Babylon. There was another exile of people in 597 BC and Judah completely fell in 586 BC when Nebuchadnezzar razed everything to the ground (2 Chronicles 26:19). God told the people they would go into exile, but he also promised that they would eventually return. Read more in 1 Kings 12 - 2 Kings 25 (Click here)
The Persian king, Cyrus, or Cyrus the Great, rose to power c. 550 BC. In 539 BC Cyrus conquered Babylon and brought the Neo-Babylonian empire to an end. While the Babylonians method of rule involved exile and erasing any trace of a conquered people’s identity the Persians took a different approach. The Persians believed it was better to rule a people who could retain their own culture, land, and religion as long as they remained loyal to the empire. Upon defeating the Babylonians Cyrus issued an edict that allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their lives, which included rebuilding the temple (2 Chronicles 36:22-23). Read more in Ezra 1 (Click here)
Years after the temple was complete another leader named Nehemiah would return to Jerusalem and rebuild the walls surrounding the city. There are similarities between the reconstruction stories of the temple and the wall. The wall was rebuilt c. 445 BC. Read more in the book of Nehemiah (Click here)
The people stopped working on the temple in c. 538 BC and did not resume the work until Haggai showed up in 520 BC, an eighteen year delay. Through the prophetic efforts of Haggai and Zechariah the people resumed work on the temple and finished it c. 515 BC. Read more in Haggai, Zechariah, Ezra 5-6 (Click here)