Perceptual Development

Child Development II

Perceptual development

Kamal + Paola + Ramdeep + Reetu,

Content

Intro

Definition

Importance

Stages

Conclusion

We don’t see things as they are, we see them as we are.

Anaïs Nin

Sensory CAPACITIES

How children learn through theri senses

Versus

Perception

Senses

Process Converts physical energy they get from outer environment into neural energy (processed by brain). Is a cognitive process

Input / Product What we receive. Helps in the process,

Definition

Perception is multimodal, with multiple sensory inputs contributing to motor responses.

Process of taking in, organizing, and interpreting sensory information.

Intersensory redundancy is key.

As perceptual development proceeds, infants learn to associate stimuli with particular activities and anticipate events.

Perceptual development occurs as infants explore, manipulate and identify different features in the environment, discovering properties of and relationships between features.

Importance

• Children become aware of the social and physical environment.
• Allows children to grow and operate as a whole, prepares the child for life.
• They explore their environment and understand their place in it.
• This directly affects development and provide a basis for his/her learnings.
• Involves the brain’s ability to plan and make simple or complex decisions.

Importance

Precise observation is crucial for:

1. Learning and academics.2. Motor skills and coordination.3. Social interactions and communication.4. Emotional regulation and well-being.5. Adaptability and flexibility.6. Independence and self-confidence.7. Creativity and problem-solving.

Stages

0-6m

4 - 5y

3 - 4y

7m - 1y

2 - 3y

1 - 2y

0 - 6 months

• Responds to changes in the environment.
• Explores objects through senses.
• Attempts to mimic sounds heard in the environment.
• Has a range of vision that extends to several feet, which in turn leads to seeing colors and seeing objects from a distance.
• Feels the sensation of being touched and looks around to identify the source of the touch.
• Recognizes familiar objects and begins to demonstrate favoritism. Reaches and grasps for objects.

• Focuses attention on an object in motion and follow.

6m - 1 y

• Begins to manipulate materials.
• Shows preference or aversion to particular sensory activities.
• Becomes aware of obstacles in the environment.
• Adjusts manner of walking depending on the surface.
• Puts objects in a bucket and then dumps them out; repeating.
• Begins to identify physical obstacles and possible solutions when moving around.
• Drops objects such as toys and watches them move.
• Discriminates between small and large objects.

1 - 2 years

• Plays with water and sand tables, explores by pouring, digging, and filling.
• Enjoys physical play like wrestling, tickling
• Recognizes situations that need to be approached cautiously.
• Adjusts approach to environment, e.g., changes volume of voice to adjust to noise level in the environment.
• Use nonverbal communication to express their needs.
• Have food preferences & refuse certain foods through taste/smell.
• Have affection from loved ones to feel safe & secure by touch.
• Learn to explore with their hands more.
• Understand spoken language before saying their first words, follow simple orders, recognize body parts

Refine their ability to process, learn how to respond to the world around them.

They will follow the teacher's instructions and listen to them carefully.

2 - 3 y

Adjusts approach to unknown objects, e.g., presses harder on a lump of clay.

Imitates familiar adults when coloring; draws lines and/or circles.

Use multiple senses as well as words & gestures to describe size of objects

Recognizes where his or her body is in relation to objects.

Perceives and acts accordingly when holding a fragile object.

Completes simple puzzles with less trial and error.

Actively uses body to change where he or she is in relation to objects.

3 - 4 Years

Vestibular and Proprioceptive

Visual

Auditory

Touch

• Examining temperatures and textures.
• Gaining an awareness of spatial awareness and object boundaries.
• Developing fine motor abilities via play

• Recognizing and mimicking sounds.
• Comprehending basic spoken directives.
• Began to acquire phonological awareness, or the ability to recognize sounds in words.

• Identifying hues, patterns, and shapes.
• Being aware that objects exist even when they are hidden from view.
• Gaining an understanding of distance and depth

• Improving balance and coordination.
• Gaining an awareness of how the body moves and positions itself.

• Increase their capacity to assimilate sensory information abilities

4 - 5 Years

Visual

Vestibular and Proprioceptive

Auditory

Touch/Taste

• Improved hand-eye coordination
• Increased depth perception
• Ability to name colors
• Can tell apart color shades of green, yellow, red, blue (but can not name them).
• Understand traffic signals.
• Long/short-term memory increases steadily.

• Differentiate shapes/textures without using sight.
• Sense pain to determine what body part the pain is coming from.
• Sense “touch” in two places without using sight
• Can discriminate the tastes such as sweet, salty, sour and ho

• Can differentiate between various pitches & tones.
• Start to understand more complex rules/instructions
• Continue enjoying listening to stories and music along with singing.

• Able to understand directions such as sideways/backward etc.

• Increase their capacity to assimilate sensory information abilities
• Understands tension/relaxation.
• Hops on one foot

Conclusion

Growing children’s perceptual skills is a main factor in children’s ability to experience life. Not only do they allow them to make sense of their world but to express themselves through it and to develop important connections between their senses and their minds. Finally, those skills will open them up to new opportunities and experiences so they continue to learn as they grow.

THank you!

References

Arai, N., Saglam, M. (2016) ‘Perception Development In Infants’, in Sensory Development in Infants. St.Kliment Ohridski University Press, pp. 264–277. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316877386_Perception_Development_In_Infants Bahrick, L., Lickliter, R., Flom, R. (2004). “Intersensory Redundancy Guides the Development of Selective Attention, Perception, and Cognition in Infancy,” Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol. 13, No. 3, 99-102. Biological Basis of Behaviour (2017). Unit-4 Perceptual Development. IGNOU. https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/23250/1/Unit-4.pdf Domain 2: Perceptual (2023) Illinois Early Learning Project. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://illinoisearlylearning.org/ielg/perceptual/ Foundation: Perceptual development (no date) Foundation: Perceptual Development - Child Development (CA Dept of Education). Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/itf09percmotfdperd.asp Jennifer Paris, A.R. (n.d.) Understanding the whole child: Prenatal development through adolescence, 4.6 Sensory Capacities. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://bookdown.org/nathalieyuen/understanding-the-whole-child/sensory-capacities-1.html (Accessed: 11 June 2024). Jonathan (2017) Motor and perceptual development 0-7 years, Bodynamic International. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://www.bodynamic.com/blog/motor-and-perceptual-development-0-7-years/ (Accessed: 11 June 2024). Milestones matter: Typical gross motor development 1-2 years old (n.d.) Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://www.lebonheur.org/blogs/practical-parenting/milestones-matter-typical-gross-motor-development-1-2-years-old?utm_source=google&utm_medium=sem&utm_keyword=1+year+old+milestones&utm_campaign=teamsi&utm_content=googlegrant-blogs&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw34qzBhBmEiwAOUQcF-LEGdV66nnleGyOiKbUASTyChQ64pZYcmAMT-Mi8rNiskB0wwpxHBoCP_AQAvD_BwE (Accessed: 11 June 2024). Perceptual, motor, and physical development (2021) ECLKC. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/school-readiness/effective-practice-guides/perceptual-motor-physical-development#:~:text=Infants%20and%20toddlers%20use%20perception%20during%20interactions%2C%20for,such%20as%20kicking%20a%20ball%20to%20a%20friend. (Accessed: 11 June 2024). Visual perception (2023) Kid Sense Child Development. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://childdevelopment.com.au/areas-of-concern/visual-perception/ The Senses And Your 1-To 2-Year-Old (2011) Children’s Minnesota. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/parents/article/7869/the-senses-and-your-1-to-2-year-old/

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