Sensory Disabilities: Vision, Hearing, Deaf-blind
Karen Benson
START
Agenda
- Learning Targets
- Success Criteria
- Vision: Creating Inclusive Learning Environments
- Introduction: Understanding Sensory Disabilities
- Sections: Visual Impairment, Hearing Impairment, and Deaf Blind
- Concluding Thoughts
Learning Targets
- Define sensory disabilities, specifically visual impairment, hearing impairment, and deaf-blindness.
- Understand the legal rights of students with visual, hearing, and deaf-blindness under IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) and ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act).
- Learn about specialized instructional strategies and interventions for students with visual impairments, hearing impairments, and deaf-blindness.
- Recognize how cultural and linguistic factors can impact the education of students with visual impairments, hearing impairments, and deaf-blindness.
SuCCess Criteria
- Participants identify at least three cultural/linguistic factors affecting students with vision, hearing, and/or blind-deafness.
- Participants can describe at least five instructional strategies or interventions for visual impairments, hearing impairments, or deaf-blindness.
- Participants can list at least three characteristics and/or causes of each disability.
VISION
In order to ensure an equitable and inclusive learning environment, administrators, educators, and support personnel must be equipped with the knowledge, skills, and strategies required to support our students with visual, hearing, and deaf blind disabilities.
The Numbers
Estimated number of people with visual impairments, hearing impairments, or deaf-blindness worldwide (Worldwide Health Organization). Numbers represent billions. These sensory disabiities are considered low incidence disabilities.
Sensory Disability: Visual Impairment
As you watch the video, think about how a student with this disability may experience your classroom. Share one thing you wouild need to change,
Visual Impairment Defined
- Medically: an inability to see or lack of vision and includes various degrees of impairment including partial or low vision, total blindness (inability to see light), congenital blindness (condition that one is born with), and nutritional blindness due to Vitamin A deficiency. (The Cleveland Clinic)
- Educationally: an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. Includes low vision and blindness. (IDEA)
Specialized Instruction: Visual Impairment
Click the link below to hear from Teachers of the Visually Impaired on their experience teaching visually impaired students. Click the link to the side to learn details about the role of a Teacher of the Visually Impaired. Turn and talk to a partner about what stuck with you about these resources.
Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments: Roles and Responsibilities
05:00
+Meet the TVI Teachers
English Instructional Strategies for Students who are Visually Impaired
Pathways to Literacy: ESL and Visual Impairment
Sensory Disability: Hearing Impairment
Hearing Impairment
As you watch the video, think about how a student with this disability may experience your classroom. Share one thing you would need to change in your classroom.
Hearing Impairment Defined
- Medically: occurs when something impacts the hearing system and is divided into three types: conductive hearing loss (sound is unable to pass from the outer ear to the middle ear), sensorineural hearing loss (something damages the inner ear over time), and mixed hearing loss (something happens in your inner ear and outer/middle ear). There are varying degrees of hearing loss that range from complete inability to hear sound to an inability to hear sound unless it exceeds 90 decibels. (The Cleveland Clinic)
- Educationally: impairment in hearing that adversely affects a student’s learning. Deafness is a severe hearing impairment that prevents a child from processing language through hearing (with or without amplification/aids) and impacts the student’s learning. (IDEA)
Specialized Instruction: Hearing Impairment
Click the link below or the link to the side to learn more about supporting students who are deaf and hard of hearing. Turn and talk to your partner what stuck with you from these resources.
Supporting Students who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Optimizing Outcomes
Deaf Students and English Language Learners
Deaf Students as a Linguistic and Cultural Minority
Sensory Disability: Deaf Blindness
As you watch the video, think about how a student with this disability may experience your classroom. Share one thing you would need to change in your classroom.
Deaf Blindness Defined
- Medically: The combination of a visual impairment and a hearing impairment that impacts communication; vast range of impairment (National Center on Deafblindness)
- Educationally: co-occuring hearing and visual impairment, which together causes severe communication and other developmental and educational needs. . (IDEA)
Specialized Instruction: Deaf-Blindness
Watch the Ted Talk to the side and/or read the resource below. Turn and talk to your partner about what stuck with you related to teaching students who have deaf blindness.
Deaf Blind Ted Talk
05:00
+Resource
Sensory Disability: Laws and the IEP Process
"Disability is a natural part of the human experience and in no way diminishes the right of individuals to participate in or contribute to society. Improving educational results for children with disabilities is an essential element of our national policy of ensuring equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for individuals with disabilities." (IDEA, Ch. 33.1)
Legal Rights: IDEA
"No otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States, as defined in section 705 (20) of this title, shall, solely by reason of his or her disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance or under any program or activity conducted by any Executive agency" (Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973)
Legal Rights: Section 504
Legal Rights: ADA
"In enacting the ADA, Congress recognized that physical and mental disabilities in no way diminish a person’s right to fully participate in all aspects of society, but that people with physical or mental disabilities are frequently precluded from doing so because of prejudice, antiquated attitudes, or the failure to remove societal and institutional barriers." (ADA Title 42, Ch. 126)
Massachusetts Referral, Evaluation, and Eligibility Determination Guide
All students, including those with disabilities, are general education students. This means that students with disabilities are held to the same high standards as students without disabilities. Students with disabilities, like all students, receive instruction aligned with the MA Curriculum Frameworks (the explicit curriculum). Additionally, they learn norms and values through participation in the school community (the implicit curriculum). (Massachusetts Referral, Evaluation, and Eligibility Determination Guide, Section II)
Massachusetts: New IEP Form
Starting in the Fall 2024, Worcester will be using the new IEP forms created by DESE's IEP Improvement Project. These forms were created with input from educators and families.
Sensory Disability: Personnel
Special Education Personnel: Sensory Disabilities
Vision Impairment
- Teacher of the Visually Impaired: Licensed special education teacher with additional training on the impact of vision on learning. (Braille trained)
- Orientation and Mobility Specialist: Teaches students with visual impairments to move safely and independently.
Hearing Impairment
- Teacher of the Deaf/Hard of Hearing: Licensed special education teacher with additionaal training on the impact of hearing loss on learning. (ASL trained)
- Audiologist: Professional who supports students with assistive technology, hearing, and balance
- Speech and Language Pathologist: Professional who supports students with communication and language
The Role of the Paraprofessional
Paraprofessionals: What You Need to Know, Understood.org
- Paraprofessionals provide instructional, behavioral, and other support to students in and outside of the classroom.
- Some paraprofessionals work one-on-one with students, while others support small groups or whole classes.
- Paraprofessionals don’t have the same training as teachers, but they’re required by law to meet certain qualifications.
Teacher Burnout: 4 Warning Signs and How to Prevent it
Sensory Disability: Inclusion
Inclusion and UDL
Universal Design for Learning meets the needs of all students, especially those with visual, hearing, and deaf-blind disabilities.
How to Support Students with Disabilities in the Classroom
- Representation
- Action and Expression
- Engagement
UDL
Sensory Disability: Exit Ticket
Sensory Disability: Resources and References
Resources
DESE: Vision Impairment, Blind, and Deaf Blind
DESE: Deaf and Hard of Hearing
References
193rd General Court of the Commonwealth ofMassachusetts. (n.d.). Chapter 71B - General Laws. Massachusetts Legislature. Retrieved June 1, 2024, from https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXII/Chapter71B Ferrell, K. A. (2006). Evidence-Based Practices for Students With Visual Disabilities. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 28(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/15257401060280010701 Ferrell, K. A., Bruce, S., & Luckner, J. L. (2014). Evidence-based practices for students with sensory impairments (Document No. IC-4). Retrieved from University of Florida, Collaboration for Effective Educator, Development, Accountability, and Reform Center website: http://ceedar.education.ufl.edu/tools/innovation-configurations/ American Foundation for the Blind. (n.d.). Chronology of Events in the History of Education of People Who Are Visually Impaired. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://www.afb.org/online-library/unseen-minority-0/historical-chronologies/history-education-visually-impaired-people
Bush, Matthew L. MD, PhD, FACS. Behavioral Disorders in Children with Hearing Loss. The Hearing Journal 72(1):p 34,35, January 2019. | DOI: 10.1097/01.HJ.0000552753.74488.4e Healthgrades. (n.d.). Deafness. Retrieved June 1, 2024, from https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/hearing-loss/deafness Loh L, Prem-Senthil M, Constable PA. A systematic review of the impact of childhood vision impairment on reading and literacy in education. J Optom. 2024 Apr-Jun;17(2):100495. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.100495. Epub 2023 Nov 1. PMID: 37918059; PMCID: PMC10641537
References, Cont.
Miles, B. (n.d.). Deafblindness Overview | National Center on Deafblindness. National Center on Deaf-Blindness. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://www.nationaldb.org/info-center/deaf-blindness-overview/ Pring, Linda. (2008). Psychological characteristics of children with visual impairments: Learning, memory and imagery. British Journal of Visual Impairment. 26. 10.1177/0264619607088279. State Laws. (n.d.). Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. Retrieved June 1, 2024, from https://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/statelaws.html The Cleveland Clinic. (2022, November 14). Blindness (Vision Impairment): Types, Causes and Treatment. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24446-blindness University System of New Hampshire. (n.d.). Understanding and Supporting Learners with Disabilities. Retrieved June 6, 2024, from https://pressbooks.usnh.edu/understandingandsupportinglearnerswithdisabilities/chapter/deaf-blindness/ U.S. Department of Education. (n.d.). Individuals with Disabilities Act. IDEA. Retrieved June 2, 2024, from https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division: ADA. (n.d.). Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, As Amended. ADA.gov. Retrieved June 1, 2024, from https://www.ada.gov/law-and-regs/ada/
Perkins School for the Blind
Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa. Inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex.
personnel
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do.
Worcester Public Schools
Special Education Department
The Worcester Public Schools (WPS) Special Education Department provides support, technical assistance and service to schools, staff, students, families and community stakeholders to ensure all scholars of all abilities can learn and thrive. Our team is committed to partnering with caregivers and schools to ensure the fidelity of specialized instruction, inclusion opportunities, professional learning and rigorous outcomes for students with disabilities
Sensory Disabilities
Karen Benson
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Transcript
Sensory Disabilities: Vision, Hearing, Deaf-blind
Karen Benson
START
Agenda
Learning Targets
SuCCess Criteria
VISION
In order to ensure an equitable and inclusive learning environment, administrators, educators, and support personnel must be equipped with the knowledge, skills, and strategies required to support our students with visual, hearing, and deaf blind disabilities.
The Numbers
Estimated number of people with visual impairments, hearing impairments, or deaf-blindness worldwide (Worldwide Health Organization). Numbers represent billions. These sensory disabiities are considered low incidence disabilities.
Sensory Disability: Visual Impairment
As you watch the video, think about how a student with this disability may experience your classroom. Share one thing you wouild need to change,
Visual Impairment Defined
Specialized Instruction: Visual Impairment
Click the link below to hear from Teachers of the Visually Impaired on their experience teaching visually impaired students. Click the link to the side to learn details about the role of a Teacher of the Visually Impaired. Turn and talk to a partner about what stuck with you about these resources.
Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments: Roles and Responsibilities
05:00
+Meet the TVI Teachers
English Instructional Strategies for Students who are Visually Impaired
Pathways to Literacy: ESL and Visual Impairment
Sensory Disability: Hearing Impairment
Hearing Impairment
As you watch the video, think about how a student with this disability may experience your classroom. Share one thing you would need to change in your classroom.
Hearing Impairment Defined
Specialized Instruction: Hearing Impairment
Click the link below or the link to the side to learn more about supporting students who are deaf and hard of hearing. Turn and talk to your partner what stuck with you from these resources.
Supporting Students who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Optimizing Outcomes
Deaf Students and English Language Learners
Deaf Students as a Linguistic and Cultural Minority
Sensory Disability: Deaf Blindness
As you watch the video, think about how a student with this disability may experience your classroom. Share one thing you would need to change in your classroom.
Deaf Blindness Defined
Specialized Instruction: Deaf-Blindness
Watch the Ted Talk to the side and/or read the resource below. Turn and talk to your partner about what stuck with you related to teaching students who have deaf blindness.
Deaf Blind Ted Talk
05:00
+Resource
Sensory Disability: Laws and the IEP Process
"Disability is a natural part of the human experience and in no way diminishes the right of individuals to participate in or contribute to society. Improving educational results for children with disabilities is an essential element of our national policy of ensuring equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for individuals with disabilities." (IDEA, Ch. 33.1)
Legal Rights: IDEA
"No otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States, as defined in section 705 (20) of this title, shall, solely by reason of his or her disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance or under any program or activity conducted by any Executive agency" (Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973)
Legal Rights: Section 504
Legal Rights: ADA
"In enacting the ADA, Congress recognized that physical and mental disabilities in no way diminish a person’s right to fully participate in all aspects of society, but that people with physical or mental disabilities are frequently precluded from doing so because of prejudice, antiquated attitudes, or the failure to remove societal and institutional barriers." (ADA Title 42, Ch. 126)
Massachusetts Referral, Evaluation, and Eligibility Determination Guide
All students, including those with disabilities, are general education students. This means that students with disabilities are held to the same high standards as students without disabilities. Students with disabilities, like all students, receive instruction aligned with the MA Curriculum Frameworks (the explicit curriculum). Additionally, they learn norms and values through participation in the school community (the implicit curriculum). (Massachusetts Referral, Evaluation, and Eligibility Determination Guide, Section II)
Massachusetts: New IEP Form
Starting in the Fall 2024, Worcester will be using the new IEP forms created by DESE's IEP Improvement Project. These forms were created with input from educators and families.
Sensory Disability: Personnel
Special Education Personnel: Sensory Disabilities
Vision Impairment
Hearing Impairment
The Role of the Paraprofessional
Paraprofessionals: What You Need to Know, Understood.org
Teacher Burnout: 4 Warning Signs and How to Prevent it
Sensory Disability: Inclusion
Inclusion and UDL
Universal Design for Learning meets the needs of all students, especially those with visual, hearing, and deaf-blind disabilities.
How to Support Students with Disabilities in the Classroom
UDL
Sensory Disability: Exit Ticket
Sensory Disability: Resources and References
Resources
DESE: Vision Impairment, Blind, and Deaf Blind
DESE: Deaf and Hard of Hearing
References
193rd General Court of the Commonwealth ofMassachusetts. (n.d.). Chapter 71B - General Laws. Massachusetts Legislature. Retrieved June 1, 2024, from https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXII/Chapter71B Ferrell, K. A. (2006). Evidence-Based Practices for Students With Visual Disabilities. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 28(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/15257401060280010701 Ferrell, K. A., Bruce, S., & Luckner, J. L. (2014). Evidence-based practices for students with sensory impairments (Document No. IC-4). Retrieved from University of Florida, Collaboration for Effective Educator, Development, Accountability, and Reform Center website: http://ceedar.education.ufl.edu/tools/innovation-configurations/ American Foundation for the Blind. (n.d.). Chronology of Events in the History of Education of People Who Are Visually Impaired. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://www.afb.org/online-library/unseen-minority-0/historical-chronologies/history-education-visually-impaired-people
Bush, Matthew L. MD, PhD, FACS. Behavioral Disorders in Children with Hearing Loss. The Hearing Journal 72(1):p 34,35, January 2019. | DOI: 10.1097/01.HJ.0000552753.74488.4e Healthgrades. (n.d.). Deafness. Retrieved June 1, 2024, from https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/hearing-loss/deafness Loh L, Prem-Senthil M, Constable PA. A systematic review of the impact of childhood vision impairment on reading and literacy in education. J Optom. 2024 Apr-Jun;17(2):100495. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.100495. Epub 2023 Nov 1. PMID: 37918059; PMCID: PMC10641537
References, Cont.
Miles, B. (n.d.). Deafblindness Overview | National Center on Deafblindness. National Center on Deaf-Blindness. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://www.nationaldb.org/info-center/deaf-blindness-overview/ Pring, Linda. (2008). Psychological characteristics of children with visual impairments: Learning, memory and imagery. British Journal of Visual Impairment. 26. 10.1177/0264619607088279. State Laws. (n.d.). Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. Retrieved June 1, 2024, from https://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/statelaws.html The Cleveland Clinic. (2022, November 14). Blindness (Vision Impairment): Types, Causes and Treatment. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24446-blindness University System of New Hampshire. (n.d.). Understanding and Supporting Learners with Disabilities. Retrieved June 6, 2024, from https://pressbooks.usnh.edu/understandingandsupportinglearnerswithdisabilities/chapter/deaf-blindness/ U.S. Department of Education. (n.d.). Individuals with Disabilities Act. IDEA. Retrieved June 2, 2024, from https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division: ADA. (n.d.). Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, As Amended. ADA.gov. Retrieved June 1, 2024, from https://www.ada.gov/law-and-regs/ada/
Perkins School for the Blind
Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa. Inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex.
personnel
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do.
Worcester Public Schools
Special Education Department
The Worcester Public Schools (WPS) Special Education Department provides support, technical assistance and service to schools, staff, students, families and community stakeholders to ensure all scholars of all abilities can learn and thrive. Our team is committed to partnering with caregivers and schools to ensure the fidelity of specialized instruction, inclusion opportunities, professional learning and rigorous outcomes for students with disabilities