NATURAL AREAS

NATURAL ANDALUSIAN AREAS

3.SIERRA NEVADA

2.RIO TINTO

1.DOÑANA NATIONAL PARK

Índice

1. DOÑANA NATIONAL PARK

• introduction: The Doñana National Park, located in Huelva, Andalusia, is one of the most important nature reserves in Europe. This protected area, which covers more than 100,000 hectares, is known for its variety of ecosystems that include marshes, dunes, forests and lagoons. Doñana is a crucial refuge for many species and the park is a good area for thousands of migratory birds that travel between Africa and Europe. Its importance, in addition to its biodiversity, also plays a great role in the conservation of threatened species and in ecological research.

The climate around the river, with hot and dry summers and mild and humid winters. However, the unique characteristics of the river, such as its high acidity and presence of heavy metals, can create extreme and different conditions in its immediate environment.

4. Halophyte Plants: These are plants that can tolerate high levels of salinity and are usually found in areas where river water mixes with seawater.

3.Ruderal Vegetation: Refers to plants that grow in areas disturbed or degraded by human or natural activity.

2. Although aquatic life in the Tinto River is limited, some species of fish adapted to the extreme water conditions have been observed.

1.Some species of algae are present in the Tinto River, adapted to the extreme conditions of acidity and high concentration of metals...

2. RIO TINTO

• introduction: The Rio Tinto, in Huelva, Andalusia, is famous for its reddish color due to the high concentration of heavy metals such as iron and copper, a result of ancient mining activity. It is important for its geological and chemical uniqueness, and is a study site for astrobiologists because of its extreme conditions, which could offer clues about life on other planets. In addition, it has great historical and cultural value due to its mining legacy.

The Mediterranean climate with Atlantic influences makes Doñana National Park an ideal habitat for a diverse range of species and supports the park's rich biodiversity. The seasonal variations also play a crucial role in the life cycles of many plants and animals in the park.

4. cork oak, Common in the forests of Doñana, this pine is valued both for its wood and its edible pine nuts.

3. Bulrush, also known as cattail, this aquatic plant grows in the wetlands and marshes of the park.

2. The red deer is one of the largest mammals in the park and can be seen in the forested and open areas of Doñana.

1.the Iberian lynx is a symbol of conservation in Doñana. This park is one of the last refuges where they can be found in their natural habitat..

3. SIERRA NEVADA

• introduction: The Sierra Nevada, the highest mountain range in Spain, is essential for its natural beauty, biological diversity and vital function as a source of water. In addition to being a popular destination for outdoor activities, its conservation is crucial to maintaining the ecological balance and water supply in the region, benefiting the flora, fauna and human communities that depend on its natural resources.

Sierra Nevada has a high mountain Mediterranean climate, with cold, snowy winters and moderately warm and dry summers. Precipitation is highest in winter, mainly in the form of snow at higher altitudes. The winds can be strong, especially at the peaks.

4. On the highest peaks of the Sierra Nevada, above the tree line, are alpine meadows and high mountain vegetation.

3.Pine forests are common in the Sierra Nevada, with species such as black pine.

2. Golden eagles are emblematic inhabitants of the Sierra Nevada and can be spotted flying over the high peaks..

1.Mountain goats are one of the symbols of the Sierra Nevada and can be found on its steep rocky slopes. ..

1. Legal Protection: Strengthen the laws and regulations that protect these places and ensure that they are strictly enforced.2. Prevention: Establish measures to prevent the introduction of new invasive species. 3. Tourism Regulation: Limit the number of visitors to minimize environmental impact. 4. Water Quality Control: control the contamination of the water entering these places. 5. Control of Human Activities: Limit urbanization, intensive agriculture, and resource extraction in sensitive areas.

WHAT CAN WE DO TO PROTECT THESE AREAS?