Timeline Spain

Leaders Of Spain

Carlos IV (1788-1808)

Fernando VI (1746-1759)

Felipe V (1700-1724/24-46)

Isabel II (1833-1869)

Carlos III (1759-1788)

Fernando VII (1808/1814-1833)

Amadeo I (1871-1873)

Luis I 1724

Rise of democracy

I República (1873-1874)

Felipe VI (2014-Present)

Fracisco Franco (1936-1975)

Alfonso XIII (1885-1931)

Democracy starts

Alfonso XII (1874-1885)

II República (1931-1939)

Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)

Presidents of modern era

Pedro Sánchez Castejón2018- Present

José Luis Zapatero2004-2011

Adolfo Suárez González1976-1981

Felipe González Márquez1982-1996

José María Aznar 1996-2004

Mariano Rajoy Brey2011-2018

Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo1981-1982

Felipe González Márquez

Partido socialista obrero español (psoe)

Felipe González Márquez is a Spanish lawyer and politician. He was Secretary General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from 1974 to 1997 and the third Prime Minister of Spain since the transition from 1982 to 1996. He joined the Socialist Youth in 1962 and joined the PSOE in 1964, then a clandestine party. The following year he completed his law studies at the University of Seville. He took part in protests against the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, for which he was arrested in Madrid in 1971.

Luis I

He was called the Liberal and the Well Beloved. He was King of Spain from 15 January 1724 until his death in August the same year. His reign is one of the shortest in history, lasting for just over seven months, after his short reign his father came to power other time until hus death in 1746.

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Alfonso XIII

THE AFRICAN

Disaster of 98:The Disaster of 98 is when Spain is defeated in the Spanish-American War of 1898. Spain lost its colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States, marking the end of its empire. This lost marked US as a military power as it defeated Spain that was one of the strongest countries. This was the end formally of the Spanish Empire.

Juan Carlos I

Juan Carlos I was the first king after the Francoist regime, he was elected by the dictator to continue with an absolute regime but he decided to follow his father's principles and bring democracy to Spain.He instaured a constitutional monarchy and allowed every party and made a contitution in the new Spain. Juan Carlos played a key role in the Transition to democracy.

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José Luis Zapatero

Partido socialista obrero español (psoe)

José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (Valladolid, 4 August 1960) is a Spanish politician who was the fifth Prime Minister of Spain after the Spanish transition, between 2004 and 2011. A member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), he served as its Secretary General from 2000 to 2012. He was a deputy in the iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii and ix legislatures of Congress.

José María Aznar López

alianza popular (ap)

José María Aznar was a conservative president, he implemented economic reforms and made a strong foreign policy by relating with US and the rest of Europe.

Consequences of his economic reforms:

• Less unemployenment.
• Notable economic growth.
• Attracting inversions and enterprises.

Adolfo Suárez González

Unión CENTRO DEMOCRÁTICO (UCD)

When in July 1976 King Juan Carlos I entrusted him with the formation of the second government of his reign and the consequent dismantling of Franco's structures, Suárez was a perfect stranger to the majority of the Spanish people. Nevertheless, at the age of 43, with no little difficulty, he was able to bring together a group of politicians of his generation who had arrived at democratic convictions by various paths. Together with "converted" Falangists like himself, he was able to bring together social democrats, liberals, Christian democrats, etc., and between 1976 and 1979, he managed to dismantle the Franco regime with the complicity of anti-Franco forces such as the PSOE and, especially, the Communist Party of Spain and its leader, Santiago Carrillo, who described Suárez as an "intelligent anti-communist".

Democratic Spain

The transition to democracy in Spain, led by Juan Carlos I, was a period in Spain's modern history characterized by the country's change from a dictatorship to a constitutional monarchy. Juan Carlos I played a crucial role in this transition by supervising the dismantling of the authoritarian regime established by Francisco Franco and facilitating the establishment of a democratic system.

II República

Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): Nationalists (Francoists): Led by Francisco Franco. Republicans: Formed by various leftist groups. Main battles of the Spanish Civil War: Battle of Guadalajara (1937): Republican victory against the Nationalists. Battle of the Ebro (1938): Republican defeat, marked the beginning of the end of the Republic. Siege of Madrid (1936-1939): Longest battle of the war, symbolic struggle between Republicans and Nationalists.

Francisco Franco Bahamonde

Events of the last years of Franco's regime: Assassination of Carrero Blanco (1973): Carrero Blanco, Franco's Prime Minister, dies in an attack by ETA. This event was a hard blow for the Franco regime. Green March (1975): Invasion of thousands of Moroccan civilians who crossed the Spanish-controlled Western Sahara to support Morocco's territorial claims over the region.

Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo

Calvo Sotelo contributed to the democratic consolidation of the new system in Spain. As other leaders will do, he faced ETA and fought against them. He always looked for the dialogue for consolidate the governavility of Spain.

Alfonso XII

Between the Republic and Alfonso XII Carlists The Third Carlist War was a civil conflict that took place in Spain between 1872 and 1876. In this war, supporters of Carlos, Duke of Madrid, who was the Carlist pretender to the throne, were against the governments of Amadeo I, the First Republic and Alfonso XII.

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I Republic

Democratic sexenium

First Republic:

• After Amadeo I abdicated the throne in 1873, the First Republic was proclaimed in Spain.

Characteristics:

• The First Republic established a republican form of government with separation of powers.
• Federalist Tendencies: They wanted more independence for each region..
• Political Fragmentation: The period was characterized by political fragmentation and instability.
• Social Reforms: The First Republic initiated various social reforms, including measures to improve education and workers' rights.

Felipe VI

Felipe VI is the actual king of Spain (2024), he has been in the throne for 10 years. He is the General Captain of the Three Amies and he has many titles around the world apart from Spain.

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Fernando VI

"The Prudent" or "The Just".

Ferdinand VI's reign proved peaceful, as he avoided involving Spain in any European conflicts. Moderate changes to Spain were initiated under the king, including reforms of taxation, advance commerce, and the Spanish navy, as well as a ban on freemasonry. However, the last years of Ferdinand's reign were marked by mental instability, much like his direct predecessor Philip V. Upon his death, Ferdinand was succeeded by his younger half-brother, Charles III.

Mariano Rajoy

partido popular (pp)

He made some economic advancenments, but the most notable actions of his government were his visits to international congresses to represent Spain and to strengthen ties with other strong countries such as Germany or US.

Carlos IV

The Hunter

• The Spain inherited by Charles IV gave few indications of instability, but during his reign, Spain entered a series of disadvantageous alliances and his regime constantly sought cash to deal with the exigencies of war. He detested his son and heir Ferdinand, who led the unsuccessful El Escorial Conspiracy and later forced Charles's abdication after the Tumult of Aranjuez.
• The Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed on 27 October 1807 in the French town of Fontainebleau between Manuel Godoy, representing King Charles IV of Spain, and Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French. It stipulated the joint Franco-Spanish military invasion of Portugal allied with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and allowed French troops to pass through Spanish territory, thus setting the stage for the subsequent French invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and the Spanish War of Independence.

Felipe V

He was the succesor of Carlos II that belonged to the Habsburg dynasty. Carlos II had a lot of genetical problems, due to the endogamy practised by the Habsurgs to gain more power. He was sterile and thanks to that Carlos had to select a new heir. He chose José of Baviera and with that treaty Spain didn't lose the Netherlands and other territories like Menorc and Gibraltar, after Jose's death just before passing away he recognised formally Felipe V as heir. He brought the Bourbon dynasty to Spain after the war of succesion, this war ended with the Treaty of Utrecht recognising him as king of Spain but made the kingdom to lose all the possesions in Europe plus his right to inherit the French Throne.

Isabel II

Isabella II ascended to the Spanish throne on 29 September 1833 after the death of her father, before she was three years old, which made it necessary to appoint her mother, Maria Cristina regent of the kingdom. Isabella II reigned during a period of transition in Spain in which the monarchy ceded more political power to parliament, but continually hindered citizens' participation in government affairs. In the struggle for democratic freedoms, his reign was a failure. No party that had organised elections lost them in that period. If there were changes, it was due to the interference of a military caste that changed governments by means of pronunciamientos or coups d'état. The reign of Isabel II could be classified as one of the most corrupt in the history of Spain. There were two Carlist Wars and some other small skirmishes. It was a period with a lot of Civil Wars and discontrol.

Amadeo I

the " Gentleman King" or "the Elected One".

He ruled in a constitutional monarchy. After a year and a half of creating a constitution was approved in 1869. He was appointed king in 1871, for the monarchists it was a great offence that he was elected in a parliament, while there were more and more republicans, so despite his good work he did not enjoy popular support. He ended up being the victim of an assassination attempt although he survived, and in the end, discouraged by the little support he received despite his efforts, he decided to abdicate in 1873 and return to Italy in great sorrow.

Fernando VI

the desired, the felon king

When the Independence war was won. Some famous generals of the Guerrrilla were El Epecinado, El Pastor, El Chaleco, El Charro, and el Cura Merino He marched on Madrid and abolished the Constitution of Cadiz, he justified his actions by claiming that the constitution had been made by a Cortes illegally assembled in his absence, without his consent and without the traditional form. Fernando initially promised to convene a traditional Cortes, but never did so, thereby reasserting the Bourbon doctrine that sovereign authority resided in his person only.

• The Salic Law is the disqualification of women from reigning. Despite popular belief in Spain it was never active, but a variant that said that women could not inherit if there were males in the general and lateral line (sons and brothers of the king), promulgated by Felipe V. As Ferdinand had no male descendants, he decided to make the Pragmatic Sanction, breaking the law and making his daughter the heir in detriment of Carlos Isidro de Borbón, which after his death started the Carlist Wars.

Pedro Sánchez Castejón

Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón (Madrid, 29 February 1972) is a Spanish politician and economist, current Prime Minister of Spain since 2018. He has been secretary general of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) since 2017, a position he had already held between 2014 and 2016.With a degree in Economics and Business Studies from the Real Centro Universitario María Cristina de El Escorial and a PhD in Economics and Business from the Universidad Camilo José Cela, he began his political career as a councillor on the Madrid City Council between 2004 and 2009. A member of Congress in the 9th and 10th legislatures, in 2014 he succeeded Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba as Secretary General of the PSOE, and in 2015 and 2016 he was the candidate proposed by his party for the Presidency of the Government. He is making big changes with a very progressive ideology, making pacts with separatists, and extreme-left parties. He had to face the Covid-19 crisis and the crisis of Cataluña.

Carlos III

The best major of Madrid

He brought the enlightenment ideas to Spain, he focused on modernizing economy, society and culture in his kingdom, also after the Seven Years War he tried to make new reforms in teh military.

• His main measures were introducing trade and economic reforms.and reforming the navy thanks to the needs of the spanish trade.
• He prioritized modernizing Madrid and making it beautiful.
• He focused in national production.